Persuasive Speech On Smoking - 1591 Words

Abstract Smoking is the most preventable leading cause of death in the United States and causes many health risk such as lung cancer, and heart and blood vessel complication. My main purpose of this persuasive speech is to convince people that smoking is harmful for themselves, the people around them and their wallets. In 2015 and estimated of 36.5 million people were current smoker (Jamal, A., King, B. A., Neff, L. J., Whitmill, J., Babb, S. D., Graffunder, C. M., 2016). In addition smoking doesn’t not only harm the direct smokers, but also the people around them from secondhand smoking. According to the national cancer institute tobacco has 7000 chemical, of those 250 are known to be harmful, including hydrogen cyanide, carbon†¦show more content†¦Also, smoking causes more death combined than Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, and firearm-related incidents (CDC, 2017). According to the national cancer institute tobacc o has 7000 chemical, and 250 which are known to be harmful, including hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and ammonia (2017). Among the 250 known harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 69 can cause cancer. These cancer-causing chemicals include the following; arsenic was commonly used in rate poison and benzene is found in gasoline (Martin, T., Jelic, S. 2017). Smoking doesn’t only harm the people that are directly smoking, but also the people around them. It’s important that smoker’s realize that by smoking they are putting themselves and people around them at harm, like their children, wife, husbands, and other people. I have a best friend that smokes cigarette, and he has been smoking since he was 18 years old. He knows that smoking is bad and that it causes cancer, but doesn’t know all of the other health risks that are associated with smoking. Smoking has short term and long term effect on our health. The purpose of my speech today is to convi nce you that smoking is harmful to your body, and people around you also known as second hand smoking and your wallet. There are many health risk that are associated with smoking, cancer being one of the result of smoking. According to the American Cancer SocietyShow MoreRelatedSmoking Persuasive Speech780 Words   |  4 Pageshealth wasn’t getting better. e. Thesis: Through my speech, I want to persuade you to not smoke. It is important as it could harm our body and our world f. Preview of Main Points: First I will talk about what the problem with smoking, next, the causes of smoking and lastly the solution and what we can do. Transition to 1st Main Point: Now, I will be talking the problem with smoking II. Main Point 1: The problem with smoking is that it harms people’s health a. Sub-point A: CDCRead MoreSmoking Persuasive Speech811 Words   |  4 Pagessmoke? Well I have. In the world there are fifteen billion cigarettes sold a day. That is ten million sold every minute! In this, I will be telling you about how smoking is bad for you, bad for the environment, and ways smoking in public can be stopped. Smoking should be banned! First of all, as almost everyone knows, smoking is bad for people. When people smoke their chances of having a heart attack go up immediately. Also the chances of getting cancer go up as well. This is because theRead MorePersuasive Speech Smoking859 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking Kills General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to write their senator and urge him/her to increase anti-smoking campaign funds. Central Idea: Smoking is injurious to human health, hence, stricter/inclusive clean indoor air policy should be adequately enforced. Introduction: How many of you have seen your parent’s or grandparent’s lifespan getting cut short because of bad choices as a result of addiction to smoking? You are not alone.I hadRead MorePersuasive Speech: Dangers of Smoking Essay629 Words   |  3 Pages      Persuasive Speech Dangers of Smoking Specific Purpose: To inform the audience of the dangers of smoking and persuade them not to.   Ã‚   Introduction: 1. Did you know that smoking is the number one preventable cause of death in the United States? 2. According to cancer.org there is 440,000 deaths a year caused by tobacco. 3. On average every smoker costs their employer almost 2,000 dollars a year in lost labor.    By the end of the speech, the audience will be informedRead MorePersuasive Speech to Stop Smoking734 Words   |  3 PagesHello my name is ---------and here to persuade you to stop smoking. Smoking is not only bad for health it is also as bad for the people around you. Breathing other peoples smoke is called passive, involuntary or secondhand smoking. The non-smoker breathes side stream smoke from the burning tip of the cigarette and mainstream smoke that has been inhaled and then exhaled by the smoker. Secondhand smoke is a major source of indoor air pollution. How does this affect the passiveRead MorePersuasive Speech About Smoking1065 Words   |  5 PagesYou’ve probably heard that the American Heart Association has declared sitting as the new smoking. Chances are, your first thought when you heard this was something like â€Å"whatever†¦just one more thing that’s bad for me†. But, If sitting is the new smoking, then I could be in trouble and I bet most of you could be too. Many of us have jobs where we sit all day. The only moving around we do is to walk to the bathroom, walk to our car, or walk to someone’s office. And when we get to those destinationsRead MorePersuasive Speech About Global Warming922 Words   |  4 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE General Purpose: To persuade Specific purpose: After listening to my speech, my audience will know how they can change their lives for a bigger challenge – to save the world. Thesis: Knowing what a problem nowadays is global warming, how CO2 gas affects it and how can we change it. Title: Lifestyle to make some changes INTRODUCTION I. Attention Material: Question â€Å"DoRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline1028 Words   |  5 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE TOPIC: WHY YOU SHOULD GIVE UP SMOKING PROPOSITION: Give up smoking and you will save yourself and the others around you and live in a healthy environment. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES/PURPOSES: I want to persuade my audience on how harmful smoking does to the body and giving up the habit is the right way to do because it will literally save their lives and the people around them and the environment as well. SPEECH PLAN ATTENTION STEP: Opening statement: Smoking†¦Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Speech Why We Need End The War On Drugs 1433 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis of TEDTalk In the speech â€Å"Why We Need to End the War on Drugs† given by Ethan Nadelmann, a drug policy reformist, Nadelmann gives a compelling and persuasive argument on how and why we should end the war on drugs. Nadelmann describes himself as the oldest son of a rabbi and a human rights activist who works to end the drug war. He urges that the drug war is very dynamic and what the United States is doing in relation to stop it is not effective. This helps launch into what heRead MoreRoutes to Persuasion Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesthat areidentical to the audience she/he will be perceived as smart. Also, to project animage of expertise it is necessary to speak confidently and withouthesitating. Trustworthiness of the communicator is assumed if direct eye contact is used and speech is rapid. If the speaker is seen as not trying toinfluence or is arguing a position that is against their personal interest theywill be considered trustworthy. An attractive communicator has certain qualities, like physical appeal and similarity

Theodore Roosevelt And Woodrow Wilson The Progressive Era

During the Progressive Era from 1890-1920, America saw three new presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. This period of time is known as the Progressive Era due to the political and social changes made to move away from a laissez-faire government to a more active government by the administrations of these presidents. Prior to this period, Americans had to suffer through poor working conditions, low wages, social and class inequality and become victims to large corporations that took advantage of the people. In particular, the administrations of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson established the key principles and ideas of economic reform and social reform, which would end up returning the power from the manipulative corporations back to the government, establishing a model for a more active role for the federal government, and improve the lives of Americans. However, even though Roosevelt and Wilson had similar intentions of reforming America, they both had different means of achieving it. At the start of the twentieth century, America was still facing racial inequality post-Civil War and segregation of whites and blacks after the Reconstruction Era. With the blacks being fed up with their current conditions, they participated in the Great Migration, in which they moved from the South to the North for a better life filled with more opportunities; blacks were ready for real reform of American society. Realizing the seriousness of thisShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast Theodore Roosevelt And The Progressive Era755 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Progressive Era, two presidents, Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, were very essential and celebrated during their time. Roosevelt became president in 1901 and was probably one of the most influential Republicans ever to have power over the American people (â€Å"Theodore Roosevelt.†). Being a democrat, Woodrow Wilson ran his campaign in a very different way than Presiden t Roosevelt. He became president in 1913 and was easily one of the best presidents the United States ever had, leadingRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt s The Progressive Era Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesTheodore Roosevelt’s presidency marked the beginning of a very liberal period in American history. This new ‘Progressive Era’ was mobilized largely by the middle class as an attempt to put an end to the problems created by the period of excess that was the Gilded Age. Believing that big business was ruining democracy, and assuming a moral obligation to shield the poor and downtrodden from corrupt capitalists, the Progressives commenced an era of sweeping reforms. From the outset, the ProgressiveRead MoreWilsonian Progressivism vs. Roosevelt Progressivism901 Words   |  4 Pagesas the Progressive Era. This is when reformers strived for better welfare policies and more rights for the people. Although three presidents reigned during this movement, only two are known f or their policies. Theodore Roosevelt, the arrogant and egomaniacal president spoke out of ambition, whereas Woodrow Wilson, the more morally inclined leader spoke out of actual desire. Both had similar ideas, but their means of displaying them, and actually carrying through were different. Roosevelt was militaristicRead MoreThe Age Of Uncertainty Between 1890 And 1920 s A New Movement Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesemergence of Populists, Progressives and Radicals came a vast difference between what was thought as American. All groups claimed to be trying to make the US a better place however each differed vastly in their ideas of going about it. During the age of uncertainty between 1890 and the 1920’s a new movement called the Progressives emerged in parts of the Unites States. They emerged as part of a long tradition of reform aimed at correcting the issues of the country. Progressives ranged across the socialRead Morecompare and contrast of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson808 Words   |  4 PagesPresidency of Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt By HIS 204 American History since 1865 Instructor: Kathleen Scarpena November 25, 2013 Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson are two of America’s most celebrated presidents during the 20th century. Theodore Roosevelt who was a Republican had a military background and created the American conservation movement. Theodore Roosevelt was also once shot by an would be assassin and still managed to give his speech. Roosevelt was famous by hisRead MoreDbq 2003 Form B Apush Essay658 Words   |  3 PagesThe Progressive Era was a thirty year period in which the United States was completely reformed. Actions were taken to improve working conditions for laborers, create a sexually unbiased work system and regulate the economy. President Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson both helped create a more direct democracy in which the people would have a voice. During those thirty years, amendments 16 to 19 were ratified to regulate and reform the country. Muckrakers were writers who worked for the printingRead MoreRoosevelt, Taft, and Wilson: Progressive Presidents1675 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagescountry and the Progressive Era, more than a decade. The presidents of this time, Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, were like chefs developing a recipe for the betterment of the United States. Every act that was passed, each decision that was made, was a trial or taste-test of the constantly changing recipe for the country. If something angered citizens or drew criticism, the president went back to his office, his kitchen, and was ready to make more changes. Where he left off in the progressive recipe, theRead MoreThe Liberal Era Of The Progressive Era1220 Words   |  5 PagesA great democracy has got to be progressive or it will soon cease to be great or a democracy. ( ). The Progressive Era consisted of reformers demanding the government to clean up society. Entering office in 1904, Theodore Roosevelt was an individual in the republican Party, but as the country began to spin out of control Roosevelt joined the new Progressive Party and saved the country from a disa strous ending (685). Reformers set out to cleanse the country go its wrong doings. The progressivismRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States1546 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 31-33 Test: Individual Question When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to his first term as president of the United States in 1932, America was in a severe depression. When Franklin Roosevelt took office in March of 1933, President Hoover handed the problems of the Great Depression over to Roosevelt. Upon taking office, Franklin Roosevelt issued a bank holiday which forced all banks to close from March 6 to March 10 while he met with Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Act to allow banksRead More The Progressive Era Essay798 Words   |  4 Pagesall power rested with the politicians and businessmen. Reformers known as Progressives attempted to undo the problems caused by industrialization. The Progressive movement sought to end the influence of large corporations, provide more rights and benefits to workers, and end the control possessed by party leaders. At the national level, Progressivism centered on defeating the power of large businesses. The Progressive Era was a period in American history in which impro ving working conditions, exposing

Literary Criticism for John Updike AP free essay sample

His father was a school teacher and his mother was an aspiring writer. He excelled in school, and worked for his local newspaper. Updike was granted a scholarship to Harvard, and went on to study at Oxford in England. He was first published in 1958, and released a book of poetry. He continued to be published, and in 1963 he received the National Book Award for his book entitled The Centaur. The next year he became the youngest person ever elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters. Updike consistently wrote throughout the 60s and 70s. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1981 for his novel Rabbit is Rich, and again in 1991 for Rabbit at Rest. He continued to write into his later years. John Updike died in Massachusetts at the age of 76 due to lung cancer (http://www. achievement. org/autodoc/page/updobio-l). The following series of published literary criticisms focus on John Updikes short story AP. It is one of his more famous short stories. The selected critiques analyze the story in terms of its style, theme, or literary devices. Subsequent to the article responses is a literary criticism based on a personal reflection to the story and its ties to modern society using evidence from the original text. Title of Source: The art of John Updikes AP Author: Toni Saldivar Search Engine: ProQuest Literature Module Website: ProQuest Web Address: http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. barry. edu Abstract: Toni Saldivars essay entitled, The art of John Updikes AP, is a literary criticism allusions to art in order to increase the romanticism of the story, and that dramatic irony is significant to the construction of the meaning of plot for a reader. The introduction emphasizes the importance of this short story in terms of American literature. The piece was first published in The New Yorker, and therefore assumes that the reader has a certain amount of knowledge that is required to fully appreciate the writing. The next section gives a synopsis of the story and an explanation of the main character, Sammy, a nineteen year old boy. According to Saldivar, the overall focus of the essay is to show how Sammy is not only starting to come to terms with the reality of modern society, but also his own cultural role, including his sexuality. In relation to this assertion, the article argues that the reader can only understand Sammy, and truly enjoy the story if they are able to sense the dramatic irony and romanticism of the plot. The story is full of metaphors, but the most important one is not explicitly written in the original text. The reader is supposed to make the connection between Sammys description of the young girl and Botticellis Venus. The dramatic irony comes from how Sammy is able to allude to things that are beyond his scope of knowledge. He knows there is a world beyond his suburban bubble, but he knows nothing about it. Evaluation of Criticism: This literary criticism is very abstract in nature, but provides strong textual evidence to support its claims. Once it is understood that Updike wrote the story for an intended audience, it makes sense that the plot contains elements that connect to classic art and also relies on subtle dramatic irony. However, the article is long- winded in its explanation of the connection. It provides numerous examples from the original text, and also uses art criticism of the Venus for further evidence. It also repeats its thesis statement in various places and in numerous ways. The driving point is that understanding the allusion to Botticelli, and grasping the elements of Sammy that can only be read between the lines is essential to appreciating the story for all that it is worth. This literary criticism is useful because it illustrates how the arts are connected, in this case, writing and painting. The arts are fluid and can translate between different mediums. The story is considered modern, but the painting is a classic. The character of Sammy is also meant to be relatable, even to future generations. The essay is well researched and soundly written; it is a good example of what a published literary criticism should look like. Title of Source: Irony and Innocence in John Updikes AP Author: Lawrence Jay Dessner Search Engine: Literature Resource Center Website: Gale Web Address: http://go. galegroup. com The critical essay by Lawrence Jay Dessner explains the importance of the themes f irony and innocence in John Updikes short story AP. The essay begins with a short summary of the story, and introduces the character of Sammy. Dessner argues that the story depends on irony. The reader expects a certain action and reaction from Sammy, but instead he does the opposite. This irony provides an innocent air of humor due to Sammys lack of world knowledge and youthful outlook on life. The remainder of this literary criticism analyzes Sammys interactions with the other characters in the book, including the difficult customer, the girls, and the grumpy manager. This particular literary criticism is short, but also very clear. It does not waste time explaining every detail of the plot because it assumes the reader is already familiar with it. The purpose of the essay is to provide a meaning to the story that goes beyond the original text. The argument is that the story relies on the irony and innocence of Sammys character. The author makes his assertions, and provides textual evidence to back up each claim. Although the story itself has a tone of vagueness in terms of its characters, the author of this essay gets very specific when analyzing the meaning behind the characters actions. The arguments in this criticism are concrete, and provide good insight to John Updikes influential story. Title of Source: Sammys Erotic Experience: Subjectivity and Sexual Difference in John Updikes A P Author: Greg W. Bentley The essay begins with an introduction of the story, and a short summary of the plot. This literary criticism reveals its argument right away, and that is that the storys popularity stems from its sexual nature, and that it portrays a feminist message through the perspective of a male. The argument also goes on to say that this message creates a distinct type of irony. The main character of the story, Sammy, has an erotic experience, but it is not inappropriate, simply a rite of passage. Citing an expert in feminism, the author argues that men and women are not very physically different in terms of sexuality, but are biologically different. Textual evidence is also used to prove this claim. The essay points out that Sammys struggle comes from the reactions of the other men in the story. The other men provide an example of conventional masculinity, but Sammy has his own feelings and opinions of women that differ from the other men. The article focuses on the sexuality and eroticism of he story, but makes sure to present these themes in an intellectual and healthy way. Greg W. Bentleys critical essay takes a controversial theme of Updikes short story, introduce and explain the feminist theories that are essential to essays argument. Citing a credible expert and using evidence from the original text make the essay easy to follow and understand. At first glance the essay may seem abstract, but to the contrary, it is very realistic. This literary criticism points out that America responds to sex. The setting of this short story is a microcosm in the macrocosm that is American ulture, and sex plays a large role in that culture. This piece also explains the difference between girls and women by using the girls in the story as an example. Updike wrote this story during a time of great change in American culture; things were loosening up. Sex was something that was once never spoken about, but now is accepted as a rite of passage. The author is right in saying that sex appeals to Americans, that is what makes this story so relevant to even the modern reader. Works Cited Bentley, Greg W.. Sammys Erotic Experience: Subjectivity and Sexual Difference in John Updikes A P. Journal of the Short Story In English 43 (2004): 121-141. Gale Group.

Tiotropium Versus Salmeterol For Prevention -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Tiotropium Versus Salmeterol For Prevention? Answer: Introducation Bronchitis on the other hand is developed due to the inflammation of the bronchial tubes accompanied by the over secretion of mucus. The over secretion of mucus eventually leads to blocking of the airways and contribute to difficult air passage during the process of respiration. It has to be understood that smoking is a very important contributing factor that has a profound role in the pathophysiologic development of this respiratory disorder. For the case study, Robert, the patient under consideration had been a chain-smoker for 40 years, smoking can be considered as the origin of the disease he had developed. According to the case study, Robert had been diagnosed with COPD 18 months ago and had been feeling unwell for months befire that as well. Hence, it can be concluded that the onset of manifestations brnchitics and emphysema had begun since a long time. The added burden of smoking excessively had contributed effectively to further deteriorating the disease, along with the age f actor of the patient in the case study. COPD pathway (Vogelmeier et al., 2011) impact of age on COPD (Erb-Downward et al., 2011) Exacerbation of the COPD: An exacerbation can be defined as the sudden worsening or deterioration of the conditions that the patient is going through. In case of COPD, exacerbation can be due to many factors; however the most common contributor is bacterial infection. It generally comprises of sudden acute shortness of breath and altered quantity and consistency of the phlegm. In case of COPD, an exacerbation event can last up-to several days and can effectively complicate the health condition of the patient. In case of an exacerbation of COPD, the airways of the patient go through enhanced inflammation, and coupled with increased mucous production, the gas exchange is impaired effectively (Vogelmeier et al., 2011). There can be many contributing factors that lead to an exacerbation event, along with bacterial, infection, environmental pollution is also another reason for the sudden worsening. With respect to the case study, for Robert, the most important risk factor that might have had a profound role in the development of the exacerbation of the disease is infection. Infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae often leads to further blockage of the airways which contributes to impaired gas exchange and leads to dyspnea. According to the case study, Robert had been a smoker for 40 years and continues to smoke in the present. Hence, the second risk factor for Robert that might have led to exacerbation is smoking (Erb-Downward et al., 2011). It has to be understood that allergens, especially smoke, can irritate the inflamed airways and air sacs resulting in further inflammation. Hence these are the two risk factors behind the exacerbation of COPD experienced by Robert in the case study. Pathophysiology of pneumonia: Pneumonia can be described as the infectious disease facilitates the inflammation of the air sacs and results in overproduction of phlegm. The infection can have either bacterial or viral Origin. During aspiration process the bacterial pathogen enters the body through the airways and colonize the lung parenchyma. On a more elaborative note, it has to be mentioned that the infection mechanism is facilitated by the invasion of the lung parenchyma. The overgrowth of the bacteria in the lung parenchyma provokes the overproduction of intra-alveolar exudates like mucous. It has to be mentioned in this context that the pneumonia infection manifests further as soon as the pathogen reaches the alveoli, the host defences at this point are usually overwhelmed by either the virulence or the inoculum size of the pathogen, and the infection spreads (Musher Thorner, 2014). The community acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be considered as the most commonly reported type and the mechanism of the infection in case of the community acquired pneumonia differs from the other types significantly. The community acquired pneumonia is fundamentally unique from any other type of pneumonia by the fact that it is not associated with the health care facility at all. In case of CAP, the causing organism can be over 100 different types. The most common types of infectious agents in case of the community acquired pneumonia, are bacteria, virus, fungi and even allergens. However, in case of hospital acquired pneumonia is often more severe as it is acquired by the patient during hospice stay, and the causing agent is often antibiotic resistant strains. The patients on ventilators and intensive care units are at the most risk of this type of pneumonia. In case of the health care associated pneumonia the point of acquiring the infection is due to a long term stay in any communit y care setting or any outpatient clinics (Johansson, Kalin, Tiveljung-Lindell, Giske Hedlund, 2010). Pharmacology of the medications administered: It is a selective Beta 2 adrenergic receptor stimulating drug, and the most important function of this medication in case of COPD is of bronchodilation. It has to be mentioned that the stimulation by salbutamol activates the adenyl cyclase which is then transformed into cyclic AMP. The increased concentration of cyclic AMP then in turn relaxes the bronchial smooth muscles and reduces the airway resistance by relaxing the bronchial tubes from trachea to terminal bronchioles (Albert et al., 2011). The contraindications for salbutamol include any patient with a history of hypersensitivity reaction along with any patient with fast history of cardiac tachyarrhythmias. Hence if Robert has had any history of hypersensitivity, Salbutamol will be contraindicated for him. Also salbutamol is a well tolerated drug. yet side effects may occur due to any dosage or administration route error. With respect to this case study, the nursing professional should also be careful if Robert exhibits any signs of tremors special in the hands or any preparation of tachycardia, which is the most frequently reported side effects of salbutamol (Bischoff et al., 2011). Budesonide/efomoterol fumarate dehydrate (symbicort): This medication is a combination of a long acting Beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist and an inhaled corticosteroid. This medication is considered to be a maintenance therapy for the COPD patients. The inhaled corticosteroid or budesonide, has anti-inflammatory properties which help to reduce the inflammation of the bronchial airways and facilities better air passage. And formoterol is the long acting beta agonist bronchodilator which relaxes the muscles and prevents any bronchospasm, hence it will help relaxing respiratory muscles of Robert and wil evade any chances of him going through bronchospasm (Agusti, 2014). There are two major contraindications of this medication, with any acute episodes of COPD where intensive measures are required this medication cannot be administered. In case of Robert, any hypersensitivity reaction to the components of this medication will be harmful as well if taking this medication. Adverse reactions to this medication include allergic reaction, adrenal insufficiency and even an increased risk of infection such as pneumonia. There are 2 nursing considerations for this medication when administering to Robert, risk for infection and hypersensitivity. Patient education includes explaining to Robert to never use budesonide or formoterol in case of acute bronchospasm. In case of exceeding wheezing, Robert should be instructed to seek out immediate medical attention due to the possibility of acute asthmatic attack (Agusti, 2014). Tiotropium: Tiotropium is another bronchial muscle relaxant which is used to prevent any wheezing or shortness of breath. This medication is an anticholinergic and it relaxes the muscles around the bronchi and will facilitate smoother air passage in case of Robert. The contraindication for this medication includes any hypersensitivity to anticholinergics. Along with that renal diseases in glaucoma also contraindicated against the administration of this medication (Wise et al., 2013). The adverse effects of this medication are constipation, nausea, muscular pain, and nosebleed. Robert will need to be educated about the possible side effects of this medication all diseases are the most plausible adverse reaction to this medicine. The nursing considerations include the fact that this medicine should only be taken to prevent bronchospasm for an ongoing broncos ransom attack this medication should not be taken (Wise et al., 2013). The main contributing factor behind the doctor changing Roberts medicine chart by replacing the symbicort with tritopium can be the fact that symbicort can only be used in regular cases of COPD, it has no noticeable effect on exception of subdivision patient had been going through. Along with that, the major side effects of symbicort is pneumonia, and as the patient has already been suffering with community-acquired pneumonia continuing symbicort can be very harmful for the patient. Hence, the doctor replaced Symbicort with Tiotropium, which is a more targeted and fast action relieving medicine mainly used for treating bronchospasm attacks and exacerbations that Robert has been having (Wise et al., 2013). Amoxicillin: Amoxicillin is a penicillin type antibiotic that is used to treat many bacterial infections including pneumonia by Streptococcus pneumonia, and it can be used to treat Robert. It is usually administered orally every 8 to 12 hours and dosage is dependent on the severity of the infection. The contraindications include any allergies to penicillin type antibiotics and any renal disease which can be aggravated due to administration of this medicine. As Robert had no past history of renal diseases mentioned, this antibiotic can be easily used for Robert. Adverse effects that Robert might encounter include nausea,vomiting, and diarrhea. Nursing considerations include patients with mononucleosis not been given this medication along with patients with any hepatic impairment. Care should also be taken to ensure that phenylalanine is present in the oral chewable tablets and suspensions given to Robert. Patient education includes teaching Robert to chew or crush the chewable tablets rather than swallowing it and to notify the carer in case of any aggravation or bloody urine (Torres et al., 2015). Ceftriaxone: This is another cephalosporone type medication that is used to treat this infection, and is a very common treatment option for pneumococcal infections for elderly patients like Robert. The contraindications include hypersensitivity and the risk of calcium ceftriaxone interaction, which is needed to be assessed before administering to Robert. The adverse effects that Robert can have include bronchospasm, diarrhea, and nausea. Nursing considerations include checking for any allergies reaction of shortness of breath that Robert might experience. In terms of patient education, Robert should be instructed to notify and seek attention in case of hypersensitive reaction (Martin-Loeches et al., 2010). Levoflaxone: It s a quilonone used to treat pneumococcal infections in case of penicillin resistant strains. The contraindications include hypersensitivity, diabetes, and renal disorders. The adverse effects that Robert may have include nausea, insomnia, diarrhea and headache. The nursing consideration for this are ensuring Robert not being allergic to quilonone compounds and should be run slowly to avoid stinging. The patient teaching must include informing Robert to refrain from taking vitamins and supplements long with the possible side effects (Postma et al., 2015). Psychosocial interventions for COPD: According to the case study, Robert has been suffering from Exacerbation of COPD and severe community acquired pneumonia which has is associated with suffering and restrictions which can eventually have a significant psychological burden on the patient. Psychosocial burden associated with co-mosbidities have been reported to have a huge impact on the recovery statistics and wellbeing of the patient, and can even alter the response of the patient to the treatment pathways. Administering psychotherapic intervention can help the patient overcome the issues effectively. The most common intervention is cognitive behavioral therapy which will help Robert deal with the stress. However another psycho social intervention is mindfulness based therapy, which is gaining popularity in case of such disorders as well according to Agusti (2014). Moreover, relaxing therapies like yoga and meditation sessions can also help Robert find strength to cope with the stress and regain control of his recovery with respect to the case study (Wong et al., 2014). The next results can be yielded by an integrative psychotherapic plan incorporating cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness based intervention and relaxation technoques; which can address the differential psychotherapic need of a critical patient like Robert. References: Agusti, A. (2014). The path to personalised medicine in COPD.Thorax,vol 69(9), pp 857-864. DOi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205507 Agust, A., Edwards, L. D., Rennard, S. I., MacNee, W., Tal-Singer, R., Miller, B. E., ... Crim, C. (2012). Persistent systemic inflammation is associated with poor clinical outcomes in COPD: a novel phenotype.PloS one,vol 7(5), e37483. Retrieved from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0037483 Albert, R. K., Connett, J., Bailey, W. C., Casaburi, R., Cooper Jr, J. A. D., Criner, G. J., ... Make, B. (2011). Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD.New England Journal of Medicine,365(8), pp 689-698. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1104623. Almagro, P., Cabrera, F. J., Diez, J., Boixeda, R., Ortiz, M. B. A., Murio, C., Soriano, J. B. (2012). Comorbidities and short-term prognosis in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of COPD: the EPOC en Servicios de medicina interna (ESMI) study.Chest,vol 142(5), pp 1126-1133. Retrieved from https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(12)60613-8/abstract Bischoff, E. W., Hamd, D. H., Sedeno, M., Benedetti, A., Schermer, T. R., Bernard, S., ... Bourbeau, J. (2011). Effects of written action plan adherence on COPD exacerbation recovery.Thorax, vol66(1), pp 26-31. Retrieved from https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(12)60613-8/abstract Erb-Downward, J. R., Thompson, D. L., Han, M. K., Freeman, C. M., McCloskey, L., Schmidt, L. A., ... Martinez, F. J. (2011). Analysis of the lung microbiome in the healthy smoker and in COPD.PloS one,vol 6(2), e16384. Retrieved from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0016384 Han, M. K., Agusti, A., Calverley, P. M., Celli, B. R., Criner, G., Curtis, J. L., ... Make, B. J. (2010). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotypes: the future of COPD.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,vol 182(5), pp 598-604. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1406330 Johansson, N., Kalin, M., Tiveljung-Lindell, A., Giske, C. G., Hedlund, J. (2010). Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia: increased microbiological yield with new diagnostic methods.Clinical Infectious Diseases,vol 50(2), pp 202-209. doi.org/10.1086/648678 Kaptein, A. A., Fischer, M. J., Scharloo, M. (2014). Self-management in patients with COPD: theoretical context, content, outcomes, and integration into clinical care.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,vol 9, pp 907. doi:10.2147/COPD.S49622 Martin-Loeches, I., Lisboa, T., Rodriguez, A., Putensen, C., Annane, D., Garnacho-Montero, J., ... Rello, J. (2010). Combination antibiotic therapy with macrolides improves survival in intubated patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Intensive care medicine,vol 36(4), pp 612-620. Doi: 10.1007/s00134-009-1730-y Musher, D. M., Thorner, A. R. (2014). Community-acquired pneumonia.New England Journal of Medicine,vol 371(17), pp 1619-1628. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1312885 Postma, D. F., Van Werkhoven, C. H., Van Elden, L. J., Thijsen, S. F., Hoepelman, A. I., Kluytmans, J. A., ... Oosterheert, J. J. (2015). Antibiotic treatment strategies for community-acquired pneumonia in adults.New England Journal of Medicine,vol 372(14), pp 1312-1323. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1406330 Torres, A., Sibila, O., Ferrer, M., Polverino, E., Menendez, R., Mensa, J., ... Niederman, M. S. (2015). Effect of corticosteroids on treatment failure among hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and high inflammatory response: a randomized clinical trial.Jama,vol 313(7), pp 677-686. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.88 Vogelmeier, C., Hederer, B., Glaab, T., Schmidt, H., Rutten-van Mlken, M. P., Beeh, K. M., ... Fabbri, L. M. (2011). Tiotropium versus salmeterol for the prevention of exacerbations of COPD.New England Journal of Medicine,vol 364(12), pp 1093-1103. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1008378 Wise, R. A., Anzueto, A., Cotton, D., Dahl, R., Devins, T., Disse, B., ... Pledger, G. (2013). Tiotropium Respimat inhaler and the risk of death in COPD.New England Journal of Medicine,vol 369(16), pp 1491-1501. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1303342 Wong, S. S., Abdullah, N., Abdullah, A., Liew, S. M., Ching, S. M., Khoo, E. M., ... Chia, Y. C. (2014). Unmet needs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a qualitative study on patients and doctors.BMC family practice,vol 15(1), pp 67. Doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-67

Body piercing is increasing in popularity among youth today, but there is no consensus as to reasons behind this trend. Essay Example

Body piercing is increasing in popularity among youth today, but there is no consensus as to reasons behind this trend. Essay Body piercing, alongside tattooing, has become more common over the last few decades, especially made popular by the hippy culture of 1970s America. Body piercing is related to other forms of body modification such as branding, cutting, binding, inserting implants, etc in an attempt to change the appearance of the individual’s body. More broadly, body piercing can be grouped along with appearance enhancing cosmetic surgeries and gender change operations. People give several reasons for undergoing such alterations to their body parts. Those who undergo form changes usually do it for improving their appearance or to bolster their identity. Psychologists and cultural commentators, on the other hand, tend to view body art as an expression of deeper emotional disturbance with respect to the person’s self-esteem and self-identity. This essay will explore and present different viewpoints on the subject, by way of citing appropriate evidence from scholarly sources. Body piercing involves the injection of a needle into the body surface so as to make an opening in which jewelry made of various metal alloys may be worn. Apart from the earlobe, common piercing areas include â€Å"eyebrows, tongue, nose, tragus, nipple, navel, and the genitalia†. Body piercing is more commonly obtained from tattoo parlors and exclusive piercing studios, although some of these shops might employ unlicensed, unregulated practitioners. Further, some individuals even get pierced at their homes, which can potentially lead to serious complications (Aizenman Jensen, 2002). Adolescence is a phase in which the individual at times struggles for identity and control over her developing body. During this period, it is particularly appealing for the adolescent mind to pierce their bodies. In the United States of America, it is estimated that one in five adolescents either pierces her body or gets a tattoo. The phenomenon of body piercing is more prevalent among adolescent girls when compared to adolescent boys. Many research studies support this fact. According to a study conducted by the team of Aizenman and Jensen, We will write a custom essay sample on Body piercing is increasing in popularity among youth today, but there is no consensus as to reasons behind this trend. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Body piercing is increasing in popularity among youth today, but there is no consensus as to reasons behind this trend. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Body piercing is increasing in popularity among youth today, but there is no consensus as to reasons behind this trend. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"The involvement in body piercing differed based on gender and race. Specifically, females and White students were significantly more likely than males and non-White students to report ever having a piercing. Such differences may be due to the impact that societal messages send to different gender and racial groups regarding body piercing. Although negative stereotypes and taboos against male piercing have loosened somewhat in recent years, it may still be considered a more acceptable practice for females than males. In fact, body adornment practices (i.e., makeup, jewelry, nail polish, etc.) are often considered to lie within the â€Å"feminine domain; and previous studies have similarly found females to be more involved in piercing than males† (Aizenman and Jensen, 2007). Males and females also differ in the part of body they choose to get pierced. For instance, the navel is the most common area for a piercing for girls and young women. Females were found more likely than males to have their piercing located on an area that is easily visible for an onlooker like navel or nose, while males were more likely to have their piercing in a less obvious and more sexual location like tongue, nipple, or genitalia. Such differences go on to underline the gender-based differences in body piercing (King and Vidourek, 2007). Debates go on about the underlying motivation for people who engage in these practices. The view of cultural commentators differ from the one forwarded by the individuals undergoing piercing themselves. For example, according to scholars Lynne Carroll, Roxanne Anderson, â€Å"these components fit into the postmodern world of fashion where anything goes and had obtained their piercing in late adolescence and were motivated to do so by the desire to improve appearance and because they perceived it as a viable art form† (Carroll and Anderson, 2002, p.629). In other words, the scholars are of the view that the value derived from a piercing is carries symbolic associations. As to the reasons for piercing their bodies, the participants of the study gave a wide range of answers. Close to 30 percent of participants (who are university students) reported having a piercing recently. The locale in which they live is also found to be a significant factor. For example one in two of University students in New York were found to have piercing, whereas this number is lower in states in the Mid-West America. Moreover, â€Å"32% of university students currently had piercing while 13% had removed their piercing within the past year. Each of these studies indicates that a sizeable percentage of college-age individuals are involved in body piercing. Regarding reasons for obtaining a piercing, females were more likely to state that they obtained their piercing to be fashionable and because â€Å"they always wanted one.† The wish to be fashionable has been identified in previous studies as a common reason for piercing. In today’s fashion world, females frequently wear shirts that expose the midriff, thereby allowing navel piercing to be readily observed†. (King and Vidourek, 2007) People from other walks of life see the trend in a different perspective. Experts have forwarded alternative explanations for this practice among young people. Some suggest that for young people, body art represent a mechanism of control and ownership over their own physiques. In the neo-liberal globe of the early 21st century, with its attendant consumerist culture and individual alienation, resorting to such drastic measures of expressing individual identity has become inevitable. In other words, beyond the obvious external appearances, such behavior might indicate a deeper emotional imbalance that can lead to more serious behaviors such as self-mutilation (Carroll and Anderson, 2002, p.629). In recent years, clinicians have identified correlations between body piercing and the prevalence of self-injurious activities such as cutting, burning, and biting. The exising literature on the subject cites psychological origins for this behavior has pointed to its causes, characteristics, and treatment. In addition, anecdotal reports from student counselors suggests that â€Å"Some students who cut, bite, burn, or pick their skin also choose to undergo other painful but more socially acceptable body-altering procedures, such as tattooing and body piercing. This finding was also reported in non-college populations. This phenomenon raises questions as to what, if any, motivations or characteristics those who tattoo or body pierce may share with those engaging in behaviors more typically regarded as self-injury. However, there has been limited research comparing these areas of body modification; instead, the majority of studies have focused exclusively on one or the other type of body-altering behavior.† (Aizenman and Jensen, 2002) Researchers have also identified socio-economic factors that play a role in driving an individual to pierce her body. A combination of low socio-economic background and a male-dominated society impels young women and girls to pierce their bodies. Hence, such behavior is an offshoot of the status of women in general in contemporary American society, where they see themselves as powerless and â€Å"are reared to hate their bodies or mold them to the requirements of male sexual culture† (The Washington Times, p. B01, October, 22, 2002). Further, young people who pierce their bodies were found to be prone to indulge in other anti-social or self-destructive behaviors such as joining a gang, delinquency, using recreational drugs, etc. The earlier an adolescent pierces her body, the greater the chance for antisocial behavior. All these findings go on to suggest that body piercing might be an external manifestation of some inner psychological or emotional inadequacy in the individual, and that the enduring solution to her problems may not lie in such external changes to her appearance.

The Women s Rights Movement Essay Maddy

The Women s Rights Movement Essay Maddy The Women s Rights Movement Essay Maddy Madison Bateman Mrs. Collins Block 4 June 2, 2015 Top Ten People, Places, and Events: The Women’s Rights Movement The Women’s Rights Movement is one of the many important events in history. It has given women rights that they never thought they could have. People like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony made them possible. These women fought for what they knew should be theirs, and what they knew was possible, they helped give women the right to vote and made men see women as equals. There were many women and men who made these things possible and they continued to fight for equality even when they were rebuffed, put in jail, and declined because the leaders that ran these movements would not take no for an answer. Susan B. Anthony was born on February 15, 1820 in Massachusetts. When she grew old enough to live on her own she lived in a part of upstate New York that would later be known as â€Å"Burn District†. The burn district is where religious revivals and where the formation of new religious move ments occurred. In 1853 Anthony began to crusade for the expansion of married women’s property rights. In 1856 she joined the American Anti-Slavery Society and in 1890 she joined the National American Women’s Suffrage Association alongside those who were willing to fight for former slaves. Anthony and other supporters were arrested for voting on 1872, she was held for bail $1000 bail. Anthony has a dollar coin minted in her honor. Susan B. Anthony passed away on March 13, 1906. Alice Paul was the leader of the most militant wing of the women suffrage movement. She was born in 1885 to a wealthy Quaker family in New Jersey. In 1910 she joined the National American Women’s Suffrage Association as the chair of the congressional committee. On March 3 in 1913 she and some of her colleagues coordinated a suffrage display to distract people from President Wilson’s inauguration. The more conservative women of the NAWSA disapproved and became frustrated with the publicity stunts that Paul constructed so she left and started her own movement, alongside Lucy Burns, the congressional union, which later became The National Women’s Party. In 1920 Alice proposed an Equal Rights Amendment to the constitution, â€Å"Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States†, and today it has still never been ratified. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was one of the primary women’s rights activists of the 19th century. She was born on Novembe r 12, 1815 in upstate New York. After she married abolitionist, Henry Brewster, they traveled to the world anti-slavery convention in London where they were turned away and told that female delegates were unwelcome. In 1848 Stanton and fellow reformers organized the women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York. In 1895 she published the first volume of a more egalitarian women’s bible. Stanton passed away in 1902; today a statue is dedicated to Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott stands in the US capitol. Lucy Stone was born in Massachusetts in 1818. She was a pioneering abolitionist and women’s-rights activist, she is best known for refusing to change her name when she married abolitionist Henry Blackwell in 1855. Stone graduated from Oberlin College in 1847 and became a traveling lecturer for the American Anti-Slavery Society. In 1871, Stone and Blackwell published the weekly feminist newspaper, The Woman’s Journal. Stone passed away in 1893, the women’s journal survived until 1931. Ida B. Wells was born in Mississippi in 1862, she is best known for her work as a campaigning journalist and anti-lynching activist. Wells worked for the black newspaper, The Free Speech. In 1892 she left Memphis after an angry mob wrecked the offices of The Free Speech and threatened to kill her is she ever returned. In 1913 she prepared to join the suffrage parade through President Wilson’s inauguration, but organizers asked her to not come: some of the white women wouldn’t march

Boiler Room from legal perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Boiler Room from legal perspective - Essay Example The basic function of this firm is to sell illegal drugs like Cocaine to the public in order to make enormous profits. For a firm to achieve this function the movie used some normal residents to do the work of trafficking and selling drugs to the public that is illegal. Unreasonably, Seth falls in the trap of the firm by being a client. By doing this the firm abuses the law that one should not be found in possession, manufacturing or even sale of the illegal drugs. For the firm is to be accused of possessing and distributing of illegal drugs. The effects of the three steps are that those drugs may cause death to the users, may also cause serious health problems to the users also and may also cause violence, which may pose threats affecting everyone’s safety leading to a non-peaceful state. According to the law penalties on illegal drugs are based on three elements and which are: The quantity of the drug, the type of the drug and the purpose of possession. On the quantity of drug, there is a bigger penalty for people, organizations and firms who are found in possession of a large quantity of drugs than one got with just a small amount of the drug. Generally, possessors of drug selling organizations are supposed to get weighty charges like 25years in jail without parole. The second one is on the drug, which is based on their potential for dependency in contrast to medicinal drugs whereby possession of more potential drugs calls for a bigger penalty than just mere possessors of no potential drugs. According to the law, it is a more serious crime having illegal drugs for sale other than having them for subsistence use. Due to this, possession of drugs for sale to other will face more serious charges and penalty than possessing drugs for personal use. For instance possessing a small amount of drug for personal use the charges may yield to $10000 fine while possessing drugs for sale may

Capital Investment Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Capital Investment Appraisal - Essay Example In applied capital budgeting, however, the fundamental concept of managerial flexibility, or active project management, has been well accepted and long practiced. In the past, one way decision-makers have attempted to supplement a traditional analysis is with "what if" analyses, such as sensitivity analyses, scenario analyses, and simulation. However, richer and more efficient capital budgeting decision-making frameworks are needed; and they should directly translate into increased corporate effectiveness, profitability, and long-term survival in today's globally competitive marketplace. (Black 637-354) The primary enhanced decision-making framework is a "real option" analysis. During the last fifteen years, increasing attention has been given to the "real option" approach to capital investment decision-making. "Real options ... allow managers to add value to their firm, by acting to amplify good fortune or to mitigate loss". When real options are present, the traditional DCF methodology may fail to provide an adequate decision-making framework because it does not properly value management's ability to wait, to revise the initial operating strategy if future events turn out to be different from originally predicted, or to account for future (dis)investment. (Trigeorgis 202-224; Fabozzi 7-9; Grinblatt 9-15) Thus, calculating the value of the decision rights of managers to actively manage investment opportunities is not simply a matter of discounting. In addition, since management is not committed to revising the firm's investment strategy or undertaking these future discretionary op portunities, the right to do so is truly an option. That is, managers undertake these opportunities only if and when they chose to do so. In practice, capital investments are determined by managerial discretion where the available options to invest in real assets is evaluated on an on-going basis and either exercised, deferred, or allowed to expire. An option-based approach is, therefore, an excellent representation of the managerial decision-making process. To be simple the internal capabilities of a firm must be matched to its external opportunities in order for managers to maximize shareholders' wealth. The real options are characterized by the flexibility they offer in timing of decisions involving the capabilities and opportunities of the firm (Walters and Giles 1-7; Ross 96-102; Chung 1215-1221; Copeland 15-22). The true NPV of a project can be viewed as the sum of the traditional NPV and the values of inherent real options: True NPV = Traditional NPV + NPV of Real Options. To clarify the value of options from active management, suppose that a firm considers producing a new product, which requires an initial outlay of $1 million. The capacity of the production facility over one period would be 40,000 units. The variable cost of producing one unit of this product is $390. The price of the product in one period from now would be either $300 or $500 with an estimated probability of 50 percent for each state of the nature. The appropriate discount rate for the project is 15 percent. The expected cash flow from the project after one period woul

Effective hand hygiene in clinical settings Literature review

Effective hand hygiene in clinical settings - Literature review Example Hand hygiene is very important for the general public especially those who handle food and those who work in medical centers as poor hand hygiene may cause respiratory infections such as influenza and common cold according to the Joint Commission Resources (2008). The Joint Commission Resources (2008) and Mulder (1999) concur that in healthcare provisions, hand hygiene is the responsibility to all people involved. This is because when the health practitioners have contaminated hands, the patients are put at risk of developing infections. Therefore, to prevent infections, the healthcare practitioners must decontaminate their hands before and after each and every episode of direct contact or care with a patient (AORN, 1999; Lautenbach, Woeltje & Preeti 2010). Currently, hand hygiene is recognized to be important in providing quality care to the patients and is included in the standards for hospital accreditation. There have been new developments in the area of medical care and due to t hese developments most research bodies have reviewed the available literature and come up with new guidelines for hand hygiene. The guidelines are intended for use by all healthcare practitioners within the healthcare settings. Bacteria on the skin There are two main groups of microorganisms that are found on the skin, that is, resident flora and transient flora. Transient floras are bacteria that colonize the superficial layer of the skin. The transient floras are commonly associated with healthcare infections but can easily be removed by hand washing or social hand hygiene. An example of transient flora is staphylococcus aureus. The resident floras colonize the deeper layer of the skin and are difficult to remove. Examples include diphtheroids and coagulase negative staphylococci. The resident floras are usually not associated with healthcare infections according to CDC (2002) and Lindh, Pooler and Tamparo (2009). Hand hygiene is intended to reduce colonization with transient flor a. Removal of the transient flora can be achieved through hand washing or hand disinfection. Hand washing is the use of water alone or the use of water and unmedicated detergent to clean the hand according to Mulder (1999) and CDC (2002). The main objective of hand washing is to prevent cross transmission of disease causing organisms. Hygienic hand wash is also similar to hand washing except that instead of unmedicated detergent, an antiseptic agent is used. Hand disinfection refers to the use of antiseptic solution, either medicated soap or alcohol to clean the hand. Substances used in hand hygiene There are different types of substances used in hand hygiene for cleaning. The substances used include soap and detergents, antibacterial soap, hand antiseptic and water. These substances are used to clean different dirt. For example, water alone cannot be used to clean the skin because on its own it cannot remove fats, oils and pathogens; it has to be used together with soaps and deterg ents. The temperature of the water used in cleaning the hands also varies, for in some instances warm water is used and in some cold may be used. For instance, when cleaning oils or fats it is advisable to use war water (World Health Organization, 2006). Antibacterial soaps are those with antibacterial agents that help in fighting or cleaning the bacteria and the hand antiseptics are non water based hand hygiene agents. The hand antiseptic

Tamil Nadu Tourism Essay

Tamil Nadu Tourism Essay Welcome to Incredible Tamil Nadu Tourism Tamil Nadu is one of the state of India, Its capital is Chennai is the main centre where the traditional and modern merge,.Tamil Nadu population of 72,138.95as of 2011 .Divided into 32 districts in Tamil Nadu. State 89 % of population are Hindus .11% population together Christians and Muslims. Tamil Nadu official languages Tamil and English. Tamil Nadu culture and tradition together which attracts tourists from the whole world. Tamil Nadu known as the temple state of India, and all across this magnificent state one will find a remarkable memorials, temples containing involved carvings and humbling gateways. It is characterized by a history ,dates back to over five thousands years and a rich culture. Each attraction most important will have a religious or creative story attached to it will leave one spellbound Tamil Nadu Tourism revives the mind ,carry happiness, moderation , enjoyment gives to the Tourist. Tamil Nadu is taking a lot of opportunity for the development of tourism industry. It has many heritage centers, pilgrimage centers, long natural coastal line, perennial river system, hills station pilgrimage centers, and weather owing to lack of so many factors like infrastructure facilities, government cooperation, marketing facilities to mobile number to tourists within the India and abroad, proper planning and ideology Tamil Nadu state that attracts a huge number of foreign tourists every year. Tamil Nadu State with several famous for tourism genre The credit should be given to the presence of unlimited attractions that include beautiful temples, mesmerizing hill stations, silent beaches and cities with rich heritage. The credit should also be given to the high standards of the facilities that the top tour operators in the state arrange for the visitors. Tamilnadu-tour.in claims to be a leading name in offering customized tours to the foreigners, expecting a lot from the states tourism industry. INTRODUCTION; Tamil Nadu Tourism one of the preferred hotspots for persons wanting a continuing heritage, cultural and beautiful splendour .religious experience.Tamil Nadu is breath taking hill stations and long sunshiny beaches ,provides to people who visit not only to marinate in the culture but people who want to relax and just let go for a while. Tamil Nadu coastline 910 kilometers (600 Mt) long, Tamil Nadu third longest coastline in the country .Foriegn visitors were The government of Tamil Nadu is now making peaceful promotional efforts and accord importance for tourism. Tamil Nadu to promote as an attractive destination of tourist at the International level to support the existing tourism in the state. Tamil Nadu state provide world class services to tourist. Tamil Nadu 2nd state in attracting foreign tourists and 3rd in domestic tourists. .Tamil Nadu Tourism should be become an exclusive offerings to overcome all the above advantages for development. Tamil Nadu is popular for its mysteriou s beauty and charms ,It will surely capture your gentleness a lot. Foreign and Domestric travellers can easily determine a number of comfortable stay in boarding places in the Tamil Nadu, tourist stay,seven star hotels, five star hotels,three star hotels ,budget hotels and resorts. According tourist preferred to stay in accomdation of the Tamil Nadu state. Tourist can look for magnificent lodgings in Chennai, Ooty Coimbatore, Karaikudi, Trichy, Kanyakumari, Madurai, Tanjore, Dindigul ,Rameshwaram,Kodaikanal and yercaud, Natural resources tradition and further socio-cultural assets numerical demographic dynamics like employment, population, income,occupation levels. Tamil Nadu state sixteen tourist information centres situated at airports and railway stations in the state information on tourism potential and services in Tamil Nadu Tourism Tamil Nadu Tourism leads in Medical Tourism. Eco- Tourism. Rural Tourism, Pilgrimage Tourism Heritage Tourism Cultural Tourism Adventure Tourism Responsible Tourism TOURIST ATTRACTIONS AND HISTORICAL PLACES IN TAMILNADU HILL STATIONS AND BOTANICAL GARDEN; Ooty Ooty is famous as the queen of the hill stations and contains of attractive varieties, of the local economy is now controlled by tourism Kodaikanal Kodaikanal is one of the finest beautiful hill stations in Tamil Nadu.Its located about 7,200 feet above the sea level. Kodaikanal is honey moon destination of several tourist Thalaiyar Falls, as rat-tail falls is unique of the highest (975à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ² high)  falls .The falls seen although roaming from Ghat road to  Kodaikkanal by road. Yercaud An modest hill station, 30 km distance from Salem . Yercaud. isSettled mid the Shevaroy Hills of the Eastern Ghats, some of the places be visited are the Lake, Ladys Seat, Arthurs Seat, and the Shevaroyan temple. Tourists do make a point to pick coffee aswell as pears ,bananas and jackfruit Yercaud Lake is centrally situated and is the middle of attraction YelagiriKolli Hills Yelagiri is a popular hill station characterized by its scenic view Sirumalai Hills Valparai Top Slip Kalrayan Hills Pachamalai Hills Javvadhu Hills BEACHES; Marina Beach : Marina beach is a second largest beach in the world ,Its located in chennai  marina beach is a most tourist charm of the city Kannyakumari Beach Arabian Sea ,Bengal and the Indian Ocean the most exciting residences to go in Kanyakumari,and famous for Vivekanandar rock, Thiruvalluvar statue Eliots Beach Sottavalai beach Mudaliarkuppam Beach Sangutuarrai beach WATER FALLS Hogennakkal Falls Courtallam Falls Thirparappu Falls Papanasam Falls Akasa Gangai Falls FAMOUS TEMPLES AND DECLARED MONUMENTS Chola Temples (Thanjavur) Siva Temple (Gangaikonda cholapuram) Iravatheeswarar Temple (Dharasuram) Monuments(Mamallapuram) NavaTirupathi temples Navagraha Temples Six Residences of Lord Murugan Temples Located at: Kancheepuram The traditional and modern merge. Kanchipuram is famous tourist Place and is also well known for its silk sarees. Rameswaram Chidambaram Thanjavur Madurai Srirangam Thiruvannamalai Kanyakumari CHURCHES: Santhome Velankanni Manappad Ponnimadha Pannimaya Madha Church MOSQUES: Thousand Light Mosque(chennai) Nagore Durgha Thengaipattinam Keelakkarai Erwadi Kalyalpattinam PALACES: Thirumalai Naicker mahal Thanjavur Palace Chettinad palace Padmanabhapuram palace BIRD SANCTUARIES: Vedanthangal Karikilli Koonthakulam Karaivetti Pulicat Udhyamarthandapuram Vaduvoor Chittirankudi Pichavaram Mangrove Coast Vettangudi Vellode WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES: Mudumalai ; Madumalai is a famous for its wild life sanctuary Mundathurai Berijam Kalakkad Kodaikarai NATIONAL PARKS: Anaimalai Indira Gandhi National Park Gulf of Mannar Maraine National Park Guindy National Park LIST OF TOURIST ATTRACT DAM IN TAMIL NADU Tamil Nadu to satisfy there are many small and large man-made. dams Amaravathi Dam Mettur Dam Krishnagiri Dam Noyyal Oarathuppalayam Mukkadal Grand Anicut Bhavanisagar Dam Vaigai Dam Upper Anaicut Varattu Pallam Vaigai Dam Kamaraj Sagar Perunchani Dam Perumpallam Shanmuganathi Dam Solaiyar Dam Sathanur Reservoir Above all tourist destinations in the air reached from Ooty, the nearest airport, from Coimbatore, 100 km .Coimbatore is well attached to, Bangalore, Mumbai, Madurai and Chennai.. Ooty well attached by road to many cities. regular bus services attaching Ooty to Tiruchirapally, Coimbatore, Chennai ,Madurai, Mysore, Bangalore, Kanyakumari, Calicut, Ooty attached to Mettupalayam to toy train organisation on the narrow tracks PESTLE ANALYSIS OF TAMIL NADU TOURISM: PESTLE Analysis are Political.Economic,social,Technology,Legal and Environment (P)olitical Consequence on Tourism Industry: One of the earliest Political parties was south Indian Welfare Association founded in 1916. In 1960 made DRAVIDA MUNNETRA KAZHALAGAM standard more powerful political force in the state, In 1967 election DMK captured of state government,split from DMK in 1972 ALL INDIA ANNA DRAVIDA MUNNETRA KAZHALAGAM was founded , since 1967 this two political parties has power in the Tamil Nadu state . IN 2011 election ALL INDIA ANNA DRAVIDA MUNNETRA KAZHALAGAM head selvi J.Jayalalitha took control of the Tamil Nadu state .Governments announced several projects in tourism Industry leaders say much can be done to rebuild tourism reputations. although Tamil Nadu state .has often political violence, The Government targete travelers and foreigners and domestic touristBut with the right government and industry reactions, visitors people, most of them foreigners. ow a days one of the worlds most famous destination Tamil NaduTourism, more visitors.from foreign investors and hotel operators.opportunities fo r tourism, The Tamil Nadu minister for Tourism, That was prepared successfully by the Tamil Nadu themselves, said.Industry analysis say tourism to expand promptly over the future twenty five years. But, the key, they say, is that Tamil Nadu governments find ways to prevent political violence, and action quickly to composed (E)conomic Consequence on Tourism industry: Tamil Nadu 2nd largest Tourism economy, one of the most advanced states in India .Its worth of economic effort, the GSDP, stands at INR 4.28 lakhs crore, as of 2012 Tamil Nadu a. An investor sociable state with the government expressing policies for the development of the Tourism activities .Tamil Nadu will continue to stay in the top stage of the country, with an annual growth .Tamil Nadu Tourism With medical care in Vellore Chennai, Madurai and Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu Government undertaking tagline adopted to promoting tourism ,has a strong banking system huge potential for tourist economic ,basically best Industrialized state ,Urbanized state and Tourism state in India (S)ocial Consequence on Tourism industry: In Tamil Nadu there are more cultural sharing by tourist visitors ,tradition a common locality by its manner of behaviour and speech, the style of dress and embellishment, the food behaviours and the social arrangement of life Tourist,people important contribution to sociality Tamil Nadu will reach a high standard of sociality development, with the Human Development of the state equivalent those of established countries (T)echnology Consequence on Tourism industry: Tamil Nadu 2nd largest software technologyexporter in Indiais central to Tamil Nadus foreign position and accounts for over Tamil Nadu is well placed to adventure its force in the IT sector to these management systems. Tamil Nadu has a moderately advanced technology,TamilNadu Infrastructure that is accomplished of searching, storage and supervision information. (L)egal Consequence on Tourism industry: Legal of Tamil Nadu provides several simulations The application for respect shall be the recognition as an permitted Travel Agent shall be decided by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, for five years, based on the Inspection Report Approvals of a Committee comprising of the Travel Agency should be under the charge of the Owner a full time member is sufficiently trained, proficient in matters ,concerning ticketing, , transport, accommodation currency,facilities, customs tourism, regulations and travel services. effective ,statement skills, knowledge of overseas languages, other than English. (E)nvironment Consequence on Tourism industry: Environment is gradually gaining standing eco-friendly journey tours are also gaining in Tamil Nadu Tourismseveral perfect locations to attract the tourist. The Eco Friendly areas of Tamil Nadu are for sightseeing the Environment at its finest and to be a measure of it. Tamil Nadu tourism Introduce the use of recycled paper ,polythene bags to possible Tamil Nadu alternatives encourage the planting of trees and greening of the local environment of tourism industry TAMIL NADU FUTURE TOURISM ; THREE RANGE OF YEARS IN Vision 2022 Vision 2030 Vision 2037 VisionTamil Nadu Tourism 2022 Tamil Nadu Tourism sets the plan for organisation development for the state to reach the preferred outcomes by 2022. Capital income of Tamil Nadus people will reach US   $10,000 per annum Income countries, Tamil Nadu Tourism provide to its people, high quality infrastructure arrangement overall state comparable with the finest in the world.Important to reaching Vision 2022 is classifying the organisation requirements.Tamil Nadu Tourism plans to develop the vital facilities. This Vision 2022document statements the inter-play in the middle of 3 crucial constituents of development, specifically should be the long term growth goals of Tamil Nadu Anything are the inputs required in terms of infrastructure, investments policies be the targeted amount produced mix in terms of financial income, sectoral structure and pace of development should the benefits be spread in people balance between growth and environmentVision 2022 include tourism industry enhanced economic enthusiasm, fines t in class human development indicators, a well established organisation Tamil NaduTourism will be amongst Indias maximum economically successful states by 2022, achieving the growth countries worldwide. Tamil Nadu will show a highly complete growth pattern it will mostly be a deficiency free state with occasions for gainful and productive occupation for disadvantaged, Tamil Nadutourism will be Indias most important state in social growth and will have the peak Human Development . Tamil Nadu Tourism development will improveWater Sanitation, Dynamism, Transportation, Connectivity, Irrigation Education and Healthcare. Tamil Nadu Tourism will be one of the top favourite investment destinations in Asia and the best preferred in India repute for good organization and competitiveness.Tamil Nadu Tourism will be known as the modernisation hub on the asset of world class organisations in various grounds and the best human ability.Tamil Nadu Tourism will safety zone ,Peace, Security and Fortune for all citizens and trade, supporting free movement of ideas, people , business and rest of the world VisionTamil Nadu Tourism 2030: Tamil Nadu Tourism development plan Vision 2030 has suggested to establish nearby villages for the development of the area.The vision document evaluated that about Rs 18,940 crore needed to be invested for the development of the areas for high tech tourism spots . The Tamil Nadu Tourism Department would invest the improve Government accomodation,star hotels, resorts and budget class hotels. More Foreign visitors to attract will open new parks ,bullet rail and moreInternational Airport in the state.The particulars finding in several levels of tourism Tamil Nadu will reservation and care for it Eco Tourism and Heritage Tourism Tamil Nadu Tourism Industry will actively address the sources of liability of the state ,its people owing to reservations arising from accepted causes, profitable recessions, and extra man-made motives and mitigate the effects.Vision 2030 Tamil Nadu Tourism will develop culture of responsive the see-through ability the security, and equivalent chance to all stake holders. Vision Tamil Nadu Tourism 2037 : Vision 2037 document, prepared by specialists on behalf Tamil Nadu government, has underlined that the natural resources state can be transformed future investment on creative economy.The vision 2037 future document, which is a highway map for future development, Tamil Nadu Tourism administration is preparing vision 2037 document for raise of tourism, keeping vision 2037 in mind. Is prepared by a board headed by tourist can revenue full value of creative economy. Infrastructure for Tamil Nadu tourism includes growth of resorts, hotels ,theme parks and entertaining hitech mallsimprovements to heritage monuments, development of places of tourist interest and the Tamil Nadu state targets a foreign tourist of 30 million by vision 2037. The estimated total investment in various projects amounts to Rs. 30,000 crore. SUSTAINABILITY IN TAMIL NADU TOURISM The Tamil Nadu Tourism Department is focusing on growth of sustainable tourism and in coming days all plans will be in sustainable Tourism model, The sustainable development method involves that the natural, cultural and other resources of Tamil Nadu Tourism All tourism simulations in coming days will be based on eco-tourism ,heritage tourism pilgrimage tourism, educational tourism model in Tamil Nadu Tourism.At present Tourism is one of the huge Industries in Tamil Nadu which are receiving more foreign tourists, every year. The Tamil Nadu Tourism Department, also the role of local media saying that local media is very active Tamil Nadu Tourism in and have been importance many local issues on systematic basis. This approach is really significant because utmost tourism development depends on charms and activities related to the natural location, important heritage and cultural patterns of areas Its heartening to see that in a like Tamil Nadu Tourism compared to several states, activit ies and participation of local media is very very high,TamilNadu is sustainability place in tourist attractions its contain towering temples pristine beaches, , , churches, mosques, scenario mountains wildlife. Other important fact of sustainable improvement relate to stress on pilgrimage-based tourism and quality tourism. This method to tourism focuses on forecasting and development process The Art, culture and planning represents all attractions. The Tamil Nadu Tourism cultural tradition invites foreign tourists. TamilNadu tops in foreign tourist visit in Medical Tourism and natural resources experience the enchanting TamilNadu present sustainability position involves related to the airlines, cruise and responsible Tourism Industry.Sustainable tourism generate benefits besides provided that tourist attractions, services and Facilities for`good value for money tourism resources and Charm the varieties of tourists. It is important to appreciate that sustainability and the movements required are part of a package with amongst the tourist Tamil Nadu Tourism is an motivated and statement that aims to Tamil Nadu to achieve likely along compound scopes of economic success, fullness, social progress, cultural plurality, and environmental sustainability. It dimensions on the strengths of Tamil Nadu sustainability due to natural the hard work of her citizens, and the results of governance. The focus of this document is on the physical, social and institutional infrastructure that needs to be established in Tamil Nadu if the growth rates in several sectors under to be achieved Taken in part or realized piecemeal, they are not probable to succeed. The goals set are achievable but call for a stretch by all investors the Tamil Nadu State government .

Just War Theory as Applied to Operation Just Cause Essay -- American F

Since its inception as a country in 1776 the United States has carried a tainted record in conducting just operations involving regime changes to achieve the goal of timely creating a minimally just political community. For example, on one hand the U.S. has been a part of one of the most just, successful, and commendable regime changes in history when they helped defeat and reconstruct Japan and Germany after World War II. On the other hand the U.S. has been a part of one of the worst and unjust operations conducted in history involving Cuba and the Bay of Pigs invasion. Between these two extremes there are many other operations which focused on the goal to change a regime where their rightness has been called into question based on one or more aspects of the just war theory. Just war theory is explained best by author, Brian Orend, and states that, â€Å"sometimes, it is at least morally permissible for a political community to go to war and features a goal to restrain both the in cidence and destructiveness of war† (Orend, 31). One of these operations where the rightness of the invasion was called into question is Operation Just Cause. Operation Just Cause was the invasion of Panama by the United States in December of 1989. The operation was spearheaded by President George H. W. Bush and its goal was to replace the current leader of Panama, General Noriega, with the rightfully elected new leader, Guillermo Endara. Manuel Noriega had close ties with the United States throughout the years by serving as an informant and asset to the U.S. against the Soviet Union during the Cold War. His efforts included sabotaging the Soviet supported governments in both El Salvador and Nicaragua, which helped reduce Soviet control in Central America (... ... to war under jus ad bellum, the question must be answered as to whether the United States followed the principles of jus in bello, which is adhering to the right conduct in the midst of battle (Orend, 105). Jus in bello is divided into two types of rules—internal and external, and the responsibility of following these rules rests in the hands of a state’s armed forces, rather than its political leaders. Internal rules concern how a state during war should treat its own citizens, while external rules concern how a state should conduct itself in the midst of war regarding the enemy state and its civilians (Orend, 106). In assessing if the U.S. followed the principles of jus in bello, a focus will be placed on the external rules rather than the internal rules because the invasion was not a serious war and was ultimately limited to one day that was limited to Panama.

Best practices in achieving a customer-focused culture (Article Critique) Essay

This paper seeks to prepare a critique of the article entitled â€Å"Best practices in achieving a customer-focused culture† by Bartley, B. et al. (2007). The nature of the critique to be applied is literature critique and an evaluation on the authors’ ideas, methods and results. The framework to make the evaluation is to whether the conclusions are supported by evidence, whether the methodologies and assumptions used have basis, whether statements made are consistent with premises laid down by the authors and whether the authors could accomplish their purposes in making the paper. 2. Analysis and Discussion 2. 1 On aims, methodology and approach of the research article The aims of Bartley, et al (2007) in writing the article â€Å"Best practices in achieving a customer-focused culture†, include the following: to provide practical insights into how organizations can become more customer-focused and to share with the researchers and organizations a framework that can be used to research â€Å"customer focus culture†. These two aims can be assessed to depend also on the validity of the results or conclusions of their paper. They also aimed to assess an organizations’ level of customer focus; to describe how New Zealand’s first consortium approach to benchmarking was managed so that others interested in planning a consortioun study can learn from experience. To assess the level of customer focus in an organization requires the use of a framework or hence the success and validity of such assessment will depend on the validity of the model. Describing the the approach to benchmarking could be assessed whether it has provided sufficient information to convinve readers that the researcher have applied the necessary means to accomplish their purpose. Bartley, B. et al (2007) explained that the study involved the use of the benchmarking body which was conducted by member organizations from the New Zealand Benchmarking Club (NZBC) and facilitated by a doctoral student from Massey University’s Centre for Organizational Excellence Research. Their methodology involved the need to conduct an extensive literature review to help them in identifying national and international best practices in customer focus. They also developed a survey that was completed by 32 potential best practice organizations, and selecting seven of these organizations for best practice list. Conducting such a literature review for the purpose used appears logical because the works of previous researchers were considered and analyzed to get the common characteristic of those that were successful with customer focus. It appears that researchers indeed have used sufficient number of researchers whose works appear mainly in academic journals signifying previous publication and this observation must lend some degree of confirmation of the literature review conducted by the authors. 2. 2 On literature review made by authors The authors asserted to have found a framework for the examination of customer-focused culture via the literature review made. It may be noted that the study included only a survey of 32 potential best organizations as identified by the reseachers and they may not necessarily represent the broader characteristics of other organizations in New Zealand and even in the world. They have indeed accepted a limitation of their study that benefits would have been gained if the study has extended to a larger international group. The limitation of the samples use is material into the validity of the survey on whether they represent the real value of customer focus culture to the organizations. In discussing the background of the study, Bartley, et al (2007) cited the the strong link between an organization’s culture and its performance which they claimed to have been widely recognised by practitioners where they cited the work of Basch (2002) and academics where they cited the work of Kotter and Heskett (1992). If organizations desire to have enduring relationship and loyal customers, they must be equipped with an effective customer-focused culture which will make it easier for these companies to have successful product and service delivery. To support their statements they cited the works of Macaukay Clark (1998) and Martin (1992). For the authors customer-focused culture was almost as good as survival in the long-term. These findings from literature review prompted the authors and the the 18 organization-members of the NZBC to asks for the componets and charateristics of a good customer-focused culture. For which reason, NZBC was formed by the Massey University’s Centre for Organizational Excellence Research (COER) in partnership witht the New Zealand Business Excellence Foundation to achieve the ambitious vision of becoming world-class performers of its members and to adopt excellent business practices within New Zealand. To measure the improvements by club members, they have agreed on a criteria for excellent performance on annual basis. See Figure 1 of their report and is made part of Appendix 1 of this paper. It appears that their agreement on criteria of performance excellence was just not a result of a tests or even a previous study. By merely agreeing and not conducting any test which are the factors there is basis the criteria may be just based on opinions. The results of their literature review resulted to their having identified six characteristics of organizations having performance of good to best practices. Bartley, B. et al. (2007) made use of same six characteristics as an analytical framework. They found the importance of leadership and used the works of Brooks, 1997; Whitely, 1991, Galreath and Rogers, 1999 which found that customers drive organizational direction and actions, to support the characteristic. They also included listening as characteristic where the views of customers are actively sought to have ease of contact/conduct of business where they cited the works of Scheuing (1999) and Plymie (1991). Bartley, B. et al (2007) also included analysis and understanding using the works of Brooks (1997) and Wikstrom (1996) which found that need to understand customer expectations. Further included is integration and deployment where the authors cited the work of Martin (1992) which could the need to act upon customers’ expectations. Still include is is people after citing the work of Kennedy, et al, (2002) which determined that customer-focused culture is understood and integrated in the whole the organization. They also included the need to review and improve where they cite the work of Alam and Perry (2002). The fact their literature review is supported by published works of other researchers on the basis of being mainly taken from academic journals and other published works, will lends some degree of validity of the summary of characteristics made as part of their analytical framework. 2. 3. On submitted figures as support to analysis Based on literature review made by the authors, they asserted the requirement for organizations to have customer focus culture must be made. Since the purpose is better performance for the organization whether financial or otherwisel, customer focused culture must be present in the whole organization. Bartley, B. et al (2007), did argue about the proven connection between customer focus and performance of organizations in individual and operational areas as in terms of service quality, customer and employee satisfaction and well as profitability citing the work of Appiah-Adu and Singh (1998) and Agarwal et al. (2003). The researchers had set six categories from which its decided which is the most effective way for its members organizations to improve and they stated to have voted to which customer focus issues were most important. Bartley, B. et al (2007) detailed which were the most important customer issues but they did not show what were the other choices of the respondents in the survey aside from those listed in Table I in the their presentation, which is not part of Appendix 4 of this paper. In the absence of the list of other choices, an inference of a predetermined result of survey may asserted and which will cast dount at to validity of the surbvey. Moreover, the nature of questions asked were neither presented nor discussed and it could be that the questions asked from respondents are leading and which again which cast doubt to result of the survey. Bartley, B. et al (2007) also argued that the decision to work on the study was supported by the results of club’s annual assessment against criteria for performance excellence. They stated that the resulst are shown in Figures 2 and 3 which are considered as Appendices 1 and 2 in this paper. Upon deeper investigation, it may be found that Figure 2 had it horizontal axis for customer focus results while the horizontal axis has financial and market results. This graph in Figure 2 would mean that independent variable was customer focus results while the dependent variable was the financial and market results. Since Figure 2 shows a signifant relationship of two variable as shown by graph, the researchers are saying the the higher customer focused results the higher would be the financial and market results. Since they did not show how they segmented each variable it would appear that the had measured the degrees of customer focus results in the vertical axis and that every increased in the same would give higher results of financial and market results which are not also explained in detail. In other words, in terms of the segmenting the degree of customer focused results the following question remain answered: How much additional degree of customer focused result would produce additional higher financial and market result? The graphs as shown in Figure 2 may seem to answer by merely viewing the same but from the minds of this reseacher , the results could in questionable because of the failture to define the meaning of degrees of customer focused resutls. Would it mean more time given to the customer? Moreover the financial and market resutls in the vertical axis or what may be called as dependent variable in Figure are not also explained. How come that financial and market resutls are combined? If it is financial it may be referring to profitability. Since profitability of the respondents may be best measure by the amount of dollars earned per amount or quantityf of customer focused results, it is difficutl to contemplate how the researchers have mixed financial and market resutls together. Does market resutls imply increased revenues in dollars and increase in market share? In the absence of a clear explanation the result of the researchers work could remain questionable and may lack the validity and use for decision making purposes. Figure 3, which is considered Appendix 3 in this paper, also uses confusing variables in the graph by making this time, horizonal axis to represent the Customer and market focus as independent results and making the vertical axis to represent the customer focused results. If Figure 3 is related to Figure 2, it would appear what was previously assumed as independent variable has now become a dependent variable. Since the researchers did not explain the graph, the most logical inference to find consistency with the what they have concluded is to assume that the more that respondents would have to increase customer and market focus, to have higher of the degree of customer focused results, which as explained earlier were not explained how were they segmented into degrees to afford appreciation of change in the degree. In other words, the confusion is not clarified by redundantly using a variable without explaining the composition and significant of each degree or level of focused results. As in Figure 2, the use of Figure 3 did not help to support the claim of the researchers and that their conclusion could utmost be considered as surmises or conjectures without sufficient evidence. In addition, the use by researchers again of the customer and market focus as the independent variable appears to be predetermined because of their failure to show convincing proof that it was the most influential among the criteria for performance excellence under Figure 1 of their paper, which is Appendix I of this paper. They have of course asserted that the choice of the customer and market focus as most controlling contributor was based on the response of the respondents in the survey. As to how much more important the criterion to other criteria was not also explained; hence it is possible that the results of the claim of increased profitability because of the criterion of customer and market focus may not be safely be taken with high level of confidence, statistically speaking.

Professionalism in healthcare Essays

Professionalism in healthcare Essays Professionalism in healthcare Essay Professionalism in healthcare Essay The term professionalism as applied in health profession is normally multifaceted and can thus be divided in to three classes; professional parameters, professional behaviors, and professional responsibilities. Professional parameters are those that include legal and ethical issues. Professional behaviors are those that relate to discipline as concern knowledge and skills, appropriate relationships with clients and colleagues as well as desirable appearance and attitudes. Professional responsibilities on the other hand concerns responsibility to the profession as well as to the practitioner, clients, employers and the society. Over the past years the issue of professionalism has been a major concern within the healthcare sector (medical). The professionalism or lack thereof as exhibited by many medical practitioners as includes radiologists and other related concern have been witnessed in the wider scope of the health profession Effective health care service delivery is largely dependent on high degrees of skill in professionalism. The professionalism skills are essential to all practitioners who believe and subscribe to vision of a successful radiology profession. Any health care professions like radiology that exhibits high level of excellence in the provision of health care research and education are promoting professionalism. With reference to past research a great number of issues as concerns quality and safety in radiology have been identified (Lane, F. Donnelly Janet, L. Stife. 2006). ). Errors that involve medication, wrong site procedures, mistakenly identifying patient’s procedural complications among other complications all relate to the radiology field in health care to varied extents. Arguments suggesting that systems issues are essential to obtaining better quality and safety is equally very valid to radiology as it is to other health care services. Particular cases such as lost or inaccessible images and reports, delayed communication of patients’ results as well as inadequate information about patients are known issues in radiology that have been addressed through the implementation of both hospital and radiology information systems. This has in effect minimized the operational costs while at the same time the level of quality and service has greatly improved. Through such institutions as ACR, which has taken a leading role in nurturing programs that seek to address various issues that are unique to radiology. These issues include but are not limited to practice guidelines, level of technical standards appropriateness of criteria to use in examination imaging and programs accreditation. Even though it is often not easy to measure the skills subjective attitudes that amounts to excellent professionalism skills in any field of heath sciences like radiology, and as such come up with an outstanding radiologist, in my opinion there is a great sense of professionalism within the health sciences as applies to radiology. This is due to the development of various programs that have stressed on the significance of the professionalism skills. These programs have to an extent created measures that motivate positive radiologists’ behaviour. Such tools like the 360- degree feed back have also helped to establish the level of professionalism in health sciences that is very appreciable. However like in every discipline where participants have for long been termed as â€Å"professionals† there still exists such perceived problems of sub optional professional behaviour as well as communication. This is due to the fact that initially topics that relate to interpersonal skills as well as professionalism were not so much stressed in medical education. The dedication toward the training and sensitizing in professionalism and its significance has been largely lacking. In spite of these, the various programs developed I do believe would help to better the level of professional in the various sectors of health sciences.