Body piercing is increasing in popularity among youth today, but there is no consensus as to reasons behind this trend. Essay Example

Body piercing is increasing in popularity among youth today, but there is no consensus as to reasons behind this trend. Essay Body piercing, alongside tattooing, has become more common over the last few decades, especially made popular by the hippy culture of 1970s America. Body piercing is related to other forms of body modification such as branding, cutting, binding, inserting implants, etc in an attempt to change the appearance of the individual’s body. More broadly, body piercing can be grouped along with appearance enhancing cosmetic surgeries and gender change operations. People give several reasons for undergoing such alterations to their body parts. Those who undergo form changes usually do it for improving their appearance or to bolster their identity. Psychologists and cultural commentators, on the other hand, tend to view body art as an expression of deeper emotional disturbance with respect to the person’s self-esteem and self-identity. This essay will explore and present different viewpoints on the subject, by way of citing appropriate evidence from scholarly sources. Body piercing involves the injection of a needle into the body surface so as to make an opening in which jewelry made of various metal alloys may be worn. Apart from the earlobe, common piercing areas include â€Å"eyebrows, tongue, nose, tragus, nipple, navel, and the genitalia†. Body piercing is more commonly obtained from tattoo parlors and exclusive piercing studios, although some of these shops might employ unlicensed, unregulated practitioners. Further, some individuals even get pierced at their homes, which can potentially lead to serious complications (Aizenman Jensen, 2002). Adolescence is a phase in which the individual at times struggles for identity and control over her developing body. During this period, it is particularly appealing for the adolescent mind to pierce their bodies. In the United States of America, it is estimated that one in five adolescents either pierces her body or gets a tattoo. The phenomenon of body piercing is more prevalent among adolescent girls when compared to adolescent boys. Many research studies support this fact. According to a study conducted by the team of Aizenman and Jensen, We will write a custom essay sample on Body piercing is increasing in popularity among youth today, but there is no consensus as to reasons behind this trend. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Body piercing is increasing in popularity among youth today, but there is no consensus as to reasons behind this trend. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Body piercing is increasing in popularity among youth today, but there is no consensus as to reasons behind this trend. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"The involvement in body piercing differed based on gender and race. Specifically, females and White students were significantly more likely than males and non-White students to report ever having a piercing. Such differences may be due to the impact that societal messages send to different gender and racial groups regarding body piercing. Although negative stereotypes and taboos against male piercing have loosened somewhat in recent years, it may still be considered a more acceptable practice for females than males. In fact, body adornment practices (i.e., makeup, jewelry, nail polish, etc.) are often considered to lie within the â€Å"feminine domain; and previous studies have similarly found females to be more involved in piercing than males† (Aizenman and Jensen, 2007). Males and females also differ in the part of body they choose to get pierced. For instance, the navel is the most common area for a piercing for girls and young women. Females were found more likely than males to have their piercing located on an area that is easily visible for an onlooker like navel or nose, while males were more likely to have their piercing in a less obvious and more sexual location like tongue, nipple, or genitalia. Such differences go on to underline the gender-based differences in body piercing (King and Vidourek, 2007). Debates go on about the underlying motivation for people who engage in these practices. The view of cultural commentators differ from the one forwarded by the individuals undergoing piercing themselves. For example, according to scholars Lynne Carroll, Roxanne Anderson, â€Å"these components fit into the postmodern world of fashion where anything goes and had obtained their piercing in late adolescence and were motivated to do so by the desire to improve appearance and because they perceived it as a viable art form† (Carroll and Anderson, 2002, p.629). In other words, the scholars are of the view that the value derived from a piercing is carries symbolic associations. As to the reasons for piercing their bodies, the participants of the study gave a wide range of answers. Close to 30 percent of participants (who are university students) reported having a piercing recently. The locale in which they live is also found to be a significant factor. For example one in two of University students in New York were found to have piercing, whereas this number is lower in states in the Mid-West America. Moreover, â€Å"32% of university students currently had piercing while 13% had removed their piercing within the past year. Each of these studies indicates that a sizeable percentage of college-age individuals are involved in body piercing. Regarding reasons for obtaining a piercing, females were more likely to state that they obtained their piercing to be fashionable and because â€Å"they always wanted one.† The wish to be fashionable has been identified in previous studies as a common reason for piercing. In today’s fashion world, females frequently wear shirts that expose the midriff, thereby allowing navel piercing to be readily observed†. (King and Vidourek, 2007) People from other walks of life see the trend in a different perspective. Experts have forwarded alternative explanations for this practice among young people. Some suggest that for young people, body art represent a mechanism of control and ownership over their own physiques. In the neo-liberal globe of the early 21st century, with its attendant consumerist culture and individual alienation, resorting to such drastic measures of expressing individual identity has become inevitable. In other words, beyond the obvious external appearances, such behavior might indicate a deeper emotional imbalance that can lead to more serious behaviors such as self-mutilation (Carroll and Anderson, 2002, p.629). In recent years, clinicians have identified correlations between body piercing and the prevalence of self-injurious activities such as cutting, burning, and biting. The exising literature on the subject cites psychological origins for this behavior has pointed to its causes, characteristics, and treatment. In addition, anecdotal reports from student counselors suggests that â€Å"Some students who cut, bite, burn, or pick their skin also choose to undergo other painful but more socially acceptable body-altering procedures, such as tattooing and body piercing. This finding was also reported in non-college populations. This phenomenon raises questions as to what, if any, motivations or characteristics those who tattoo or body pierce may share with those engaging in behaviors more typically regarded as self-injury. However, there has been limited research comparing these areas of body modification; instead, the majority of studies have focused exclusively on one or the other type of body-altering behavior.† (Aizenman and Jensen, 2002) Researchers have also identified socio-economic factors that play a role in driving an individual to pierce her body. A combination of low socio-economic background and a male-dominated society impels young women and girls to pierce their bodies. Hence, such behavior is an offshoot of the status of women in general in contemporary American society, where they see themselves as powerless and â€Å"are reared to hate their bodies or mold them to the requirements of male sexual culture† (The Washington Times, p. B01, October, 22, 2002). Further, young people who pierce their bodies were found to be prone to indulge in other anti-social or self-destructive behaviors such as joining a gang, delinquency, using recreational drugs, etc. The earlier an adolescent pierces her body, the greater the chance for antisocial behavior. All these findings go on to suggest that body piercing might be an external manifestation of some inner psychological or emotional inadequacy in the individual, and that the enduring solution to her problems may not lie in such external changes to her appearance.

The Women s Rights Movement Essay Maddy

The Women s Rights Movement Essay Maddy The Women s Rights Movement Essay Maddy Madison Bateman Mrs. Collins Block 4 June 2, 2015 Top Ten People, Places, and Events: The Women’s Rights Movement The Women’s Rights Movement is one of the many important events in history. It has given women rights that they never thought they could have. People like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony made them possible. These women fought for what they knew should be theirs, and what they knew was possible, they helped give women the right to vote and made men see women as equals. There were many women and men who made these things possible and they continued to fight for equality even when they were rebuffed, put in jail, and declined because the leaders that ran these movements would not take no for an answer. Susan B. Anthony was born on February 15, 1820 in Massachusetts. When she grew old enough to live on her own she lived in a part of upstate New York that would later be known as â€Å"Burn District†. The burn district is where religious revivals and where the formation of new religious move ments occurred. In 1853 Anthony began to crusade for the expansion of married women’s property rights. In 1856 she joined the American Anti-Slavery Society and in 1890 she joined the National American Women’s Suffrage Association alongside those who were willing to fight for former slaves. Anthony and other supporters were arrested for voting on 1872, she was held for bail $1000 bail. Anthony has a dollar coin minted in her honor. Susan B. Anthony passed away on March 13, 1906. Alice Paul was the leader of the most militant wing of the women suffrage movement. She was born in 1885 to a wealthy Quaker family in New Jersey. In 1910 she joined the National American Women’s Suffrage Association as the chair of the congressional committee. On March 3 in 1913 she and some of her colleagues coordinated a suffrage display to distract people from President Wilson’s inauguration. The more conservative women of the NAWSA disapproved and became frustrated with the publicity stunts that Paul constructed so she left and started her own movement, alongside Lucy Burns, the congressional union, which later became The National Women’s Party. In 1920 Alice proposed an Equal Rights Amendment to the constitution, â€Å"Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States†, and today it has still never been ratified. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was one of the primary women’s rights activists of the 19th century. She was born on Novembe r 12, 1815 in upstate New York. After she married abolitionist, Henry Brewster, they traveled to the world anti-slavery convention in London where they were turned away and told that female delegates were unwelcome. In 1848 Stanton and fellow reformers organized the women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York. In 1895 she published the first volume of a more egalitarian women’s bible. Stanton passed away in 1902; today a statue is dedicated to Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott stands in the US capitol. Lucy Stone was born in Massachusetts in 1818. She was a pioneering abolitionist and women’s-rights activist, she is best known for refusing to change her name when she married abolitionist Henry Blackwell in 1855. Stone graduated from Oberlin College in 1847 and became a traveling lecturer for the American Anti-Slavery Society. In 1871, Stone and Blackwell published the weekly feminist newspaper, The Woman’s Journal. Stone passed away in 1893, the women’s journal survived until 1931. Ida B. Wells was born in Mississippi in 1862, she is best known for her work as a campaigning journalist and anti-lynching activist. Wells worked for the black newspaper, The Free Speech. In 1892 she left Memphis after an angry mob wrecked the offices of The Free Speech and threatened to kill her is she ever returned. In 1913 she prepared to join the suffrage parade through President Wilson’s inauguration, but organizers asked her to not come: some of the white women wouldn’t march

Boiler Room from legal perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Boiler Room from legal perspective - Essay Example The basic function of this firm is to sell illegal drugs like Cocaine to the public in order to make enormous profits. For a firm to achieve this function the movie used some normal residents to do the work of trafficking and selling drugs to the public that is illegal. Unreasonably, Seth falls in the trap of the firm by being a client. By doing this the firm abuses the law that one should not be found in possession, manufacturing or even sale of the illegal drugs. For the firm is to be accused of possessing and distributing of illegal drugs. The effects of the three steps are that those drugs may cause death to the users, may also cause serious health problems to the users also and may also cause violence, which may pose threats affecting everyone’s safety leading to a non-peaceful state. According to the law penalties on illegal drugs are based on three elements and which are: The quantity of the drug, the type of the drug and the purpose of possession. On the quantity of drug, there is a bigger penalty for people, organizations and firms who are found in possession of a large quantity of drugs than one got with just a small amount of the drug. Generally, possessors of drug selling organizations are supposed to get weighty charges like 25years in jail without parole. The second one is on the drug, which is based on their potential for dependency in contrast to medicinal drugs whereby possession of more potential drugs calls for a bigger penalty than just mere possessors of no potential drugs. According to the law, it is a more serious crime having illegal drugs for sale other than having them for subsistence use. Due to this, possession of drugs for sale to other will face more serious charges and penalty than possessing drugs for personal use. For instance possessing a small amount of drug for personal use the charges may yield to $10000 fine while possessing drugs for sale may

Capital Investment Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Capital Investment Appraisal - Essay Example In applied capital budgeting, however, the fundamental concept of managerial flexibility, or active project management, has been well accepted and long practiced. In the past, one way decision-makers have attempted to supplement a traditional analysis is with "what if" analyses, such as sensitivity analyses, scenario analyses, and simulation. However, richer and more efficient capital budgeting decision-making frameworks are needed; and they should directly translate into increased corporate effectiveness, profitability, and long-term survival in today's globally competitive marketplace. (Black 637-354) The primary enhanced decision-making framework is a "real option" analysis. During the last fifteen years, increasing attention has been given to the "real option" approach to capital investment decision-making. "Real options ... allow managers to add value to their firm, by acting to amplify good fortune or to mitigate loss". When real options are present, the traditional DCF methodology may fail to provide an adequate decision-making framework because it does not properly value management's ability to wait, to revise the initial operating strategy if future events turn out to be different from originally predicted, or to account for future (dis)investment. (Trigeorgis 202-224; Fabozzi 7-9; Grinblatt 9-15) Thus, calculating the value of the decision rights of managers to actively manage investment opportunities is not simply a matter of discounting. In addition, since management is not committed to revising the firm's investment strategy or undertaking these future discretionary op portunities, the right to do so is truly an option. That is, managers undertake these opportunities only if and when they chose to do so. In practice, capital investments are determined by managerial discretion where the available options to invest in real assets is evaluated on an on-going basis and either exercised, deferred, or allowed to expire. An option-based approach is, therefore, an excellent representation of the managerial decision-making process. To be simple the internal capabilities of a firm must be matched to its external opportunities in order for managers to maximize shareholders' wealth. The real options are characterized by the flexibility they offer in timing of decisions involving the capabilities and opportunities of the firm (Walters and Giles 1-7; Ross 96-102; Chung 1215-1221; Copeland 15-22). The true NPV of a project can be viewed as the sum of the traditional NPV and the values of inherent real options: True NPV = Traditional NPV + NPV of Real Options. To clarify the value of options from active management, suppose that a firm considers producing a new product, which requires an initial outlay of $1 million. The capacity of the production facility over one period would be 40,000 units. The variable cost of producing one unit of this product is $390. The price of the product in one period from now would be either $300 or $500 with an estimated probability of 50 percent for each state of the nature. The appropriate discount rate for the project is 15 percent. The expected cash flow from the project after one period woul

Effective hand hygiene in clinical settings Literature review

Effective hand hygiene in clinical settings - Literature review Example Hand hygiene is very important for the general public especially those who handle food and those who work in medical centers as poor hand hygiene may cause respiratory infections such as influenza and common cold according to the Joint Commission Resources (2008). The Joint Commission Resources (2008) and Mulder (1999) concur that in healthcare provisions, hand hygiene is the responsibility to all people involved. This is because when the health practitioners have contaminated hands, the patients are put at risk of developing infections. Therefore, to prevent infections, the healthcare practitioners must decontaminate their hands before and after each and every episode of direct contact or care with a patient (AORN, 1999; Lautenbach, Woeltje & Preeti 2010). Currently, hand hygiene is recognized to be important in providing quality care to the patients and is included in the standards for hospital accreditation. There have been new developments in the area of medical care and due to t hese developments most research bodies have reviewed the available literature and come up with new guidelines for hand hygiene. The guidelines are intended for use by all healthcare practitioners within the healthcare settings. Bacteria on the skin There are two main groups of microorganisms that are found on the skin, that is, resident flora and transient flora. Transient floras are bacteria that colonize the superficial layer of the skin. The transient floras are commonly associated with healthcare infections but can easily be removed by hand washing or social hand hygiene. An example of transient flora is staphylococcus aureus. The resident floras colonize the deeper layer of the skin and are difficult to remove. Examples include diphtheroids and coagulase negative staphylococci. The resident floras are usually not associated with healthcare infections according to CDC (2002) and Lindh, Pooler and Tamparo (2009). Hand hygiene is intended to reduce colonization with transient flor a. Removal of the transient flora can be achieved through hand washing or hand disinfection. Hand washing is the use of water alone or the use of water and unmedicated detergent to clean the hand according to Mulder (1999) and CDC (2002). The main objective of hand washing is to prevent cross transmission of disease causing organisms. Hygienic hand wash is also similar to hand washing except that instead of unmedicated detergent, an antiseptic agent is used. Hand disinfection refers to the use of antiseptic solution, either medicated soap or alcohol to clean the hand. Substances used in hand hygiene There are different types of substances used in hand hygiene for cleaning. The substances used include soap and detergents, antibacterial soap, hand antiseptic and water. These substances are used to clean different dirt. For example, water alone cannot be used to clean the skin because on its own it cannot remove fats, oils and pathogens; it has to be used together with soaps and deterg ents. The temperature of the water used in cleaning the hands also varies, for in some instances warm water is used and in some cold may be used. For instance, when cleaning oils or fats it is advisable to use war water (World Health Organization, 2006). Antibacterial soaps are those with antibacterial agents that help in fighting or cleaning the bacteria and the hand antiseptics are non water based hand hygiene agents. The hand antiseptic

Tamil Nadu Tourism Essay

Tamil Nadu Tourism Essay Welcome to Incredible Tamil Nadu Tourism Tamil Nadu is one of the state of India, Its capital is Chennai is the main centre where the traditional and modern merge,.Tamil Nadu population of 72,138.95as of 2011 .Divided into 32 districts in Tamil Nadu. State 89 % of population are Hindus .11% population together Christians and Muslims. Tamil Nadu official languages Tamil and English. Tamil Nadu culture and tradition together which attracts tourists from the whole world. Tamil Nadu known as the temple state of India, and all across this magnificent state one will find a remarkable memorials, temples containing involved carvings and humbling gateways. It is characterized by a history ,dates back to over five thousands years and a rich culture. Each attraction most important will have a religious or creative story attached to it will leave one spellbound Tamil Nadu Tourism revives the mind ,carry happiness, moderation , enjoyment gives to the Tourist. Tamil Nadu is taking a lot of opportunity for the development of tourism industry. It has many heritage centers, pilgrimage centers, long natural coastal line, perennial river system, hills station pilgrimage centers, and weather owing to lack of so many factors like infrastructure facilities, government cooperation, marketing facilities to mobile number to tourists within the India and abroad, proper planning and ideology Tamil Nadu state that attracts a huge number of foreign tourists every year. Tamil Nadu State with several famous for tourism genre The credit should be given to the presence of unlimited attractions that include beautiful temples, mesmerizing hill stations, silent beaches and cities with rich heritage. The credit should also be given to the high standards of the facilities that the top tour operators in the state arrange for the visitors. Tamilnadu-tour.in claims to be a leading name in offering customized tours to the foreigners, expecting a lot from the states tourism industry. INTRODUCTION; Tamil Nadu Tourism one of the preferred hotspots for persons wanting a continuing heritage, cultural and beautiful splendour .religious experience.Tamil Nadu is breath taking hill stations and long sunshiny beaches ,provides to people who visit not only to marinate in the culture but people who want to relax and just let go for a while. Tamil Nadu coastline 910 kilometers (600 Mt) long, Tamil Nadu third longest coastline in the country .Foriegn visitors were The government of Tamil Nadu is now making peaceful promotional efforts and accord importance for tourism. Tamil Nadu to promote as an attractive destination of tourist at the International level to support the existing tourism in the state. Tamil Nadu state provide world class services to tourist. Tamil Nadu 2nd state in attracting foreign tourists and 3rd in domestic tourists. .Tamil Nadu Tourism should be become an exclusive offerings to overcome all the above advantages for development. Tamil Nadu is popular for its mysteriou s beauty and charms ,It will surely capture your gentleness a lot. Foreign and Domestric travellers can easily determine a number of comfortable stay in boarding places in the Tamil Nadu, tourist stay,seven star hotels, five star hotels,three star hotels ,budget hotels and resorts. According tourist preferred to stay in accomdation of the Tamil Nadu state. Tourist can look for magnificent lodgings in Chennai, Ooty Coimbatore, Karaikudi, Trichy, Kanyakumari, Madurai, Tanjore, Dindigul ,Rameshwaram,Kodaikanal and yercaud, Natural resources tradition and further socio-cultural assets numerical demographic dynamics like employment, population, income,occupation levels. Tamil Nadu state sixteen tourist information centres situated at airports and railway stations in the state information on tourism potential and services in Tamil Nadu Tourism Tamil Nadu Tourism leads in Medical Tourism. Eco- Tourism. Rural Tourism, Pilgrimage Tourism Heritage Tourism Cultural Tourism Adventure Tourism Responsible Tourism TOURIST ATTRACTIONS AND HISTORICAL PLACES IN TAMILNADU HILL STATIONS AND BOTANICAL GARDEN; Ooty Ooty is famous as the queen of the hill stations and contains of attractive varieties, of the local economy is now controlled by tourism Kodaikanal Kodaikanal is one of the finest beautiful hill stations in Tamil Nadu.Its located about 7,200 feet above the sea level. Kodaikanal is honey moon destination of several tourist Thalaiyar Falls, as rat-tail falls is unique of the highest (975à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ² high)  falls .The falls seen although roaming from Ghat road to  Kodaikkanal by road. Yercaud An modest hill station, 30 km distance from Salem . Yercaud. isSettled mid the Shevaroy Hills of the Eastern Ghats, some of the places be visited are the Lake, Ladys Seat, Arthurs Seat, and the Shevaroyan temple. Tourists do make a point to pick coffee aswell as pears ,bananas and jackfruit Yercaud Lake is centrally situated and is the middle of attraction YelagiriKolli Hills Yelagiri is a popular hill station characterized by its scenic view Sirumalai Hills Valparai Top Slip Kalrayan Hills Pachamalai Hills Javvadhu Hills BEACHES; Marina Beach : Marina beach is a second largest beach in the world ,Its located in chennai  marina beach is a most tourist charm of the city Kannyakumari Beach Arabian Sea ,Bengal and the Indian Ocean the most exciting residences to go in Kanyakumari,and famous for Vivekanandar rock, Thiruvalluvar statue Eliots Beach Sottavalai beach Mudaliarkuppam Beach Sangutuarrai beach WATER FALLS Hogennakkal Falls Courtallam Falls Thirparappu Falls Papanasam Falls Akasa Gangai Falls FAMOUS TEMPLES AND DECLARED MONUMENTS Chola Temples (Thanjavur) Siva Temple (Gangaikonda cholapuram) Iravatheeswarar Temple (Dharasuram) Monuments(Mamallapuram) NavaTirupathi temples Navagraha Temples Six Residences of Lord Murugan Temples Located at: Kancheepuram The traditional and modern merge. Kanchipuram is famous tourist Place and is also well known for its silk sarees. Rameswaram Chidambaram Thanjavur Madurai Srirangam Thiruvannamalai Kanyakumari CHURCHES: Santhome Velankanni Manappad Ponnimadha Pannimaya Madha Church MOSQUES: Thousand Light Mosque(chennai) Nagore Durgha Thengaipattinam Keelakkarai Erwadi Kalyalpattinam PALACES: Thirumalai Naicker mahal Thanjavur Palace Chettinad palace Padmanabhapuram palace BIRD SANCTUARIES: Vedanthangal Karikilli Koonthakulam Karaivetti Pulicat Udhyamarthandapuram Vaduvoor Chittirankudi Pichavaram Mangrove Coast Vettangudi Vellode WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES: Mudumalai ; Madumalai is a famous for its wild life sanctuary Mundathurai Berijam Kalakkad Kodaikarai NATIONAL PARKS: Anaimalai Indira Gandhi National Park Gulf of Mannar Maraine National Park Guindy National Park LIST OF TOURIST ATTRACT DAM IN TAMIL NADU Tamil Nadu to satisfy there are many small and large man-made. dams Amaravathi Dam Mettur Dam Krishnagiri Dam Noyyal Oarathuppalayam Mukkadal Grand Anicut Bhavanisagar Dam Vaigai Dam Upper Anaicut Varattu Pallam Vaigai Dam Kamaraj Sagar Perunchani Dam Perumpallam Shanmuganathi Dam Solaiyar Dam Sathanur Reservoir Above all tourist destinations in the air reached from Ooty, the nearest airport, from Coimbatore, 100 km .Coimbatore is well attached to, Bangalore, Mumbai, Madurai and Chennai.. Ooty well attached by road to many cities. regular bus services attaching Ooty to Tiruchirapally, Coimbatore, Chennai ,Madurai, Mysore, Bangalore, Kanyakumari, Calicut, Ooty attached to Mettupalayam to toy train organisation on the narrow tracks PESTLE ANALYSIS OF TAMIL NADU TOURISM: PESTLE Analysis are Political.Economic,social,Technology,Legal and Environment (P)olitical Consequence on Tourism Industry: One of the earliest Political parties was south Indian Welfare Association founded in 1916. In 1960 made DRAVIDA MUNNETRA KAZHALAGAM standard more powerful political force in the state, In 1967 election DMK captured of state government,split from DMK in 1972 ALL INDIA ANNA DRAVIDA MUNNETRA KAZHALAGAM was founded , since 1967 this two political parties has power in the Tamil Nadu state . IN 2011 election ALL INDIA ANNA DRAVIDA MUNNETRA KAZHALAGAM head selvi J.Jayalalitha took control of the Tamil Nadu state .Governments announced several projects in tourism Industry leaders say much can be done to rebuild tourism reputations. although Tamil Nadu state .has often political violence, The Government targete travelers and foreigners and domestic touristBut with the right government and industry reactions, visitors people, most of them foreigners. ow a days one of the worlds most famous destination Tamil NaduTourism, more visitors.from foreign investors and hotel operators.opportunities fo r tourism, The Tamil Nadu minister for Tourism, That was prepared successfully by the Tamil Nadu themselves, said.Industry analysis say tourism to expand promptly over the future twenty five years. But, the key, they say, is that Tamil Nadu governments find ways to prevent political violence, and action quickly to composed (E)conomic Consequence on Tourism industry: Tamil Nadu 2nd largest Tourism economy, one of the most advanced states in India .Its worth of economic effort, the GSDP, stands at INR 4.28 lakhs crore, as of 2012 Tamil Nadu a. An investor sociable state with the government expressing policies for the development of the Tourism activities .Tamil Nadu will continue to stay in the top stage of the country, with an annual growth .Tamil Nadu Tourism With medical care in Vellore Chennai, Madurai and Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu Government undertaking tagline adopted to promoting tourism ,has a strong banking system huge potential for tourist economic ,basically best Industrialized state ,Urbanized state and Tourism state in India (S)ocial Consequence on Tourism industry: In Tamil Nadu there are more cultural sharing by tourist visitors ,tradition a common locality by its manner of behaviour and speech, the style of dress and embellishment, the food behaviours and the social arrangement of life Tourist,people important contribution to sociality Tamil Nadu will reach a high standard of sociality development, with the Human Development of the state equivalent those of established countries (T)echnology Consequence on Tourism industry: Tamil Nadu 2nd largest software technologyexporter in Indiais central to Tamil Nadus foreign position and accounts for over Tamil Nadu is well placed to adventure its force in the IT sector to these management systems. Tamil Nadu has a moderately advanced technology,TamilNadu Infrastructure that is accomplished of searching, storage and supervision information. (L)egal Consequence on Tourism industry: Legal of Tamil Nadu provides several simulations The application for respect shall be the recognition as an permitted Travel Agent shall be decided by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, for five years, based on the Inspection Report Approvals of a Committee comprising of the Travel Agency should be under the charge of the Owner a full time member is sufficiently trained, proficient in matters ,concerning ticketing, , transport, accommodation currency,facilities, customs tourism, regulations and travel services. effective ,statement skills, knowledge of overseas languages, other than English. (E)nvironment Consequence on Tourism industry: Environment is gradually gaining standing eco-friendly journey tours are also gaining in Tamil Nadu Tourismseveral perfect locations to attract the tourist. The Eco Friendly areas of Tamil Nadu are for sightseeing the Environment at its finest and to be a measure of it. Tamil Nadu tourism Introduce the use of recycled paper ,polythene bags to possible Tamil Nadu alternatives encourage the planting of trees and greening of the local environment of tourism industry TAMIL NADU FUTURE TOURISM ; THREE RANGE OF YEARS IN Vision 2022 Vision 2030 Vision 2037 VisionTamil Nadu Tourism 2022 Tamil Nadu Tourism sets the plan for organisation development for the state to reach the preferred outcomes by 2022. Capital income of Tamil Nadus people will reach US   $10,000 per annum Income countries, Tamil Nadu Tourism provide to its people, high quality infrastructure arrangement overall state comparable with the finest in the world.Important to reaching Vision 2022 is classifying the organisation requirements.Tamil Nadu Tourism plans to develop the vital facilities. This Vision 2022document statements the inter-play in the middle of 3 crucial constituents of development, specifically should be the long term growth goals of Tamil Nadu Anything are the inputs required in terms of infrastructure, investments policies be the targeted amount produced mix in terms of financial income, sectoral structure and pace of development should the benefits be spread in people balance between growth and environmentVision 2022 include tourism industry enhanced economic enthusiasm, fines t in class human development indicators, a well established organisation Tamil NaduTourism will be amongst Indias maximum economically successful states by 2022, achieving the growth countries worldwide. Tamil Nadu will show a highly complete growth pattern it will mostly be a deficiency free state with occasions for gainful and productive occupation for disadvantaged, Tamil Nadutourism will be Indias most important state in social growth and will have the peak Human Development . Tamil Nadu Tourism development will improveWater Sanitation, Dynamism, Transportation, Connectivity, Irrigation Education and Healthcare. Tamil Nadu Tourism will be one of the top favourite investment destinations in Asia and the best preferred in India repute for good organization and competitiveness.Tamil Nadu Tourism will be known as the modernisation hub on the asset of world class organisations in various grounds and the best human ability.Tamil Nadu Tourism will safety zone ,Peace, Security and Fortune for all citizens and trade, supporting free movement of ideas, people , business and rest of the world VisionTamil Nadu Tourism 2030: Tamil Nadu Tourism development plan Vision 2030 has suggested to establish nearby villages for the development of the area.The vision document evaluated that about Rs 18,940 crore needed to be invested for the development of the areas for high tech tourism spots . The Tamil Nadu Tourism Department would invest the improve Government accomodation,star hotels, resorts and budget class hotels. More Foreign visitors to attract will open new parks ,bullet rail and moreInternational Airport in the state.The particulars finding in several levels of tourism Tamil Nadu will reservation and care for it Eco Tourism and Heritage Tourism Tamil Nadu Tourism Industry will actively address the sources of liability of the state ,its people owing to reservations arising from accepted causes, profitable recessions, and extra man-made motives and mitigate the effects.Vision 2030 Tamil Nadu Tourism will develop culture of responsive the see-through ability the security, and equivalent chance to all stake holders. Vision Tamil Nadu Tourism 2037 : Vision 2037 document, prepared by specialists on behalf Tamil Nadu government, has underlined that the natural resources state can be transformed future investment on creative economy.The vision 2037 future document, which is a highway map for future development, Tamil Nadu Tourism administration is preparing vision 2037 document for raise of tourism, keeping vision 2037 in mind. Is prepared by a board headed by tourist can revenue full value of creative economy. Infrastructure for Tamil Nadu tourism includes growth of resorts, hotels ,theme parks and entertaining hitech mallsimprovements to heritage monuments, development of places of tourist interest and the Tamil Nadu state targets a foreign tourist of 30 million by vision 2037. The estimated total investment in various projects amounts to Rs. 30,000 crore. SUSTAINABILITY IN TAMIL NADU TOURISM The Tamil Nadu Tourism Department is focusing on growth of sustainable tourism and in coming days all plans will be in sustainable Tourism model, The sustainable development method involves that the natural, cultural and other resources of Tamil Nadu Tourism All tourism simulations in coming days will be based on eco-tourism ,heritage tourism pilgrimage tourism, educational tourism model in Tamil Nadu Tourism.At present Tourism is one of the huge Industries in Tamil Nadu which are receiving more foreign tourists, every year. The Tamil Nadu Tourism Department, also the role of local media saying that local media is very active Tamil Nadu Tourism in and have been importance many local issues on systematic basis. This approach is really significant because utmost tourism development depends on charms and activities related to the natural location, important heritage and cultural patterns of areas Its heartening to see that in a like Tamil Nadu Tourism compared to several states, activit ies and participation of local media is very very high,TamilNadu is sustainability place in tourist attractions its contain towering temples pristine beaches, , , churches, mosques, scenario mountains wildlife. Other important fact of sustainable improvement relate to stress on pilgrimage-based tourism and quality tourism. This method to tourism focuses on forecasting and development process The Art, culture and planning represents all attractions. The Tamil Nadu Tourism cultural tradition invites foreign tourists. TamilNadu tops in foreign tourist visit in Medical Tourism and natural resources experience the enchanting TamilNadu present sustainability position involves related to the airlines, cruise and responsible Tourism Industry.Sustainable tourism generate benefits besides provided that tourist attractions, services and Facilities for`good value for money tourism resources and Charm the varieties of tourists. It is important to appreciate that sustainability and the movements required are part of a package with amongst the tourist Tamil Nadu Tourism is an motivated and statement that aims to Tamil Nadu to achieve likely along compound scopes of economic success, fullness, social progress, cultural plurality, and environmental sustainability. It dimensions on the strengths of Tamil Nadu sustainability due to natural the hard work of her citizens, and the results of governance. The focus of this document is on the physical, social and institutional infrastructure that needs to be established in Tamil Nadu if the growth rates in several sectors under to be achieved Taken in part or realized piecemeal, they are not probable to succeed. The goals set are achievable but call for a stretch by all investors the Tamil Nadu State government .

Just War Theory as Applied to Operation Just Cause Essay -- American F

Since its inception as a country in 1776 the United States has carried a tainted record in conducting just operations involving regime changes to achieve the goal of timely creating a minimally just political community. For example, on one hand the U.S. has been a part of one of the most just, successful, and commendable regime changes in history when they helped defeat and reconstruct Japan and Germany after World War II. On the other hand the U.S. has been a part of one of the worst and unjust operations conducted in history involving Cuba and the Bay of Pigs invasion. Between these two extremes there are many other operations which focused on the goal to change a regime where their rightness has been called into question based on one or more aspects of the just war theory. Just war theory is explained best by author, Brian Orend, and states that, â€Å"sometimes, it is at least morally permissible for a political community to go to war and features a goal to restrain both the in cidence and destructiveness of war† (Orend, 31). One of these operations where the rightness of the invasion was called into question is Operation Just Cause. Operation Just Cause was the invasion of Panama by the United States in December of 1989. The operation was spearheaded by President George H. W. Bush and its goal was to replace the current leader of Panama, General Noriega, with the rightfully elected new leader, Guillermo Endara. Manuel Noriega had close ties with the United States throughout the years by serving as an informant and asset to the U.S. against the Soviet Union during the Cold War. His efforts included sabotaging the Soviet supported governments in both El Salvador and Nicaragua, which helped reduce Soviet control in Central America (... ... to war under jus ad bellum, the question must be answered as to whether the United States followed the principles of jus in bello, which is adhering to the right conduct in the midst of battle (Orend, 105). Jus in bello is divided into two types of rules—internal and external, and the responsibility of following these rules rests in the hands of a state’s armed forces, rather than its political leaders. Internal rules concern how a state during war should treat its own citizens, while external rules concern how a state should conduct itself in the midst of war regarding the enemy state and its civilians (Orend, 106). In assessing if the U.S. followed the principles of jus in bello, a focus will be placed on the external rules rather than the internal rules because the invasion was not a serious war and was ultimately limited to one day that was limited to Panama.

Best practices in achieving a customer-focused culture (Article Critique) Essay

This paper seeks to prepare a critique of the article entitled â€Å"Best practices in achieving a customer-focused culture† by Bartley, B. et al. (2007). The nature of the critique to be applied is literature critique and an evaluation on the authors’ ideas, methods and results. The framework to make the evaluation is to whether the conclusions are supported by evidence, whether the methodologies and assumptions used have basis, whether statements made are consistent with premises laid down by the authors and whether the authors could accomplish their purposes in making the paper. 2. Analysis and Discussion 2. 1 On aims, methodology and approach of the research article The aims of Bartley, et al (2007) in writing the article â€Å"Best practices in achieving a customer-focused culture†, include the following: to provide practical insights into how organizations can become more customer-focused and to share with the researchers and organizations a framework that can be used to research â€Å"customer focus culture†. These two aims can be assessed to depend also on the validity of the results or conclusions of their paper. They also aimed to assess an organizations’ level of customer focus; to describe how New Zealand’s first consortium approach to benchmarking was managed so that others interested in planning a consortioun study can learn from experience. To assess the level of customer focus in an organization requires the use of a framework or hence the success and validity of such assessment will depend on the validity of the model. Describing the the approach to benchmarking could be assessed whether it has provided sufficient information to convinve readers that the researcher have applied the necessary means to accomplish their purpose. Bartley, B. et al (2007) explained that the study involved the use of the benchmarking body which was conducted by member organizations from the New Zealand Benchmarking Club (NZBC) and facilitated by a doctoral student from Massey University’s Centre for Organizational Excellence Research. Their methodology involved the need to conduct an extensive literature review to help them in identifying national and international best practices in customer focus. They also developed a survey that was completed by 32 potential best practice organizations, and selecting seven of these organizations for best practice list. Conducting such a literature review for the purpose used appears logical because the works of previous researchers were considered and analyzed to get the common characteristic of those that were successful with customer focus. It appears that researchers indeed have used sufficient number of researchers whose works appear mainly in academic journals signifying previous publication and this observation must lend some degree of confirmation of the literature review conducted by the authors. 2. 2 On literature review made by authors The authors asserted to have found a framework for the examination of customer-focused culture via the literature review made. It may be noted that the study included only a survey of 32 potential best organizations as identified by the reseachers and they may not necessarily represent the broader characteristics of other organizations in New Zealand and even in the world. They have indeed accepted a limitation of their study that benefits would have been gained if the study has extended to a larger international group. The limitation of the samples use is material into the validity of the survey on whether they represent the real value of customer focus culture to the organizations. In discussing the background of the study, Bartley, et al (2007) cited the the strong link between an organization’s culture and its performance which they claimed to have been widely recognised by practitioners where they cited the work of Basch (2002) and academics where they cited the work of Kotter and Heskett (1992). If organizations desire to have enduring relationship and loyal customers, they must be equipped with an effective customer-focused culture which will make it easier for these companies to have successful product and service delivery. To support their statements they cited the works of Macaukay Clark (1998) and Martin (1992). For the authors customer-focused culture was almost as good as survival in the long-term. These findings from literature review prompted the authors and the the 18 organization-members of the NZBC to asks for the componets and charateristics of a good customer-focused culture. For which reason, NZBC was formed by the Massey University’s Centre for Organizational Excellence Research (COER) in partnership witht the New Zealand Business Excellence Foundation to achieve the ambitious vision of becoming world-class performers of its members and to adopt excellent business practices within New Zealand. To measure the improvements by club members, they have agreed on a criteria for excellent performance on annual basis. See Figure 1 of their report and is made part of Appendix 1 of this paper. It appears that their agreement on criteria of performance excellence was just not a result of a tests or even a previous study. By merely agreeing and not conducting any test which are the factors there is basis the criteria may be just based on opinions. The results of their literature review resulted to their having identified six characteristics of organizations having performance of good to best practices. Bartley, B. et al. (2007) made use of same six characteristics as an analytical framework. They found the importance of leadership and used the works of Brooks, 1997; Whitely, 1991, Galreath and Rogers, 1999 which found that customers drive organizational direction and actions, to support the characteristic. They also included listening as characteristic where the views of customers are actively sought to have ease of contact/conduct of business where they cited the works of Scheuing (1999) and Plymie (1991). Bartley, B. et al (2007) also included analysis and understanding using the works of Brooks (1997) and Wikstrom (1996) which found that need to understand customer expectations. Further included is integration and deployment where the authors cited the work of Martin (1992) which could the need to act upon customers’ expectations. Still include is is people after citing the work of Kennedy, et al, (2002) which determined that customer-focused culture is understood and integrated in the whole the organization. They also included the need to review and improve where they cite the work of Alam and Perry (2002). The fact their literature review is supported by published works of other researchers on the basis of being mainly taken from academic journals and other published works, will lends some degree of validity of the summary of characteristics made as part of their analytical framework. 2. 3. On submitted figures as support to analysis Based on literature review made by the authors, they asserted the requirement for organizations to have customer focus culture must be made. Since the purpose is better performance for the organization whether financial or otherwisel, customer focused culture must be present in the whole organization. Bartley, B. et al (2007), did argue about the proven connection between customer focus and performance of organizations in individual and operational areas as in terms of service quality, customer and employee satisfaction and well as profitability citing the work of Appiah-Adu and Singh (1998) and Agarwal et al. (2003). The researchers had set six categories from which its decided which is the most effective way for its members organizations to improve and they stated to have voted to which customer focus issues were most important. Bartley, B. et al (2007) detailed which were the most important customer issues but they did not show what were the other choices of the respondents in the survey aside from those listed in Table I in the their presentation, which is not part of Appendix 4 of this paper. In the absence of the list of other choices, an inference of a predetermined result of survey may asserted and which will cast dount at to validity of the surbvey. Moreover, the nature of questions asked were neither presented nor discussed and it could be that the questions asked from respondents are leading and which again which cast doubt to result of the survey. Bartley, B. et al (2007) also argued that the decision to work on the study was supported by the results of club’s annual assessment against criteria for performance excellence. They stated that the resulst are shown in Figures 2 and 3 which are considered as Appendices 1 and 2 in this paper. Upon deeper investigation, it may be found that Figure 2 had it horizontal axis for customer focus results while the horizontal axis has financial and market results. This graph in Figure 2 would mean that independent variable was customer focus results while the dependent variable was the financial and market results. Since Figure 2 shows a signifant relationship of two variable as shown by graph, the researchers are saying the the higher customer focused results the higher would be the financial and market results. Since they did not show how they segmented each variable it would appear that the had measured the degrees of customer focus results in the vertical axis and that every increased in the same would give higher results of financial and market results which are not also explained in detail. In other words, in terms of the segmenting the degree of customer focused results the following question remain answered: How much additional degree of customer focused result would produce additional higher financial and market result? The graphs as shown in Figure 2 may seem to answer by merely viewing the same but from the minds of this reseacher , the results could in questionable because of the failture to define the meaning of degrees of customer focused resutls. Would it mean more time given to the customer? Moreover the financial and market resutls in the vertical axis or what may be called as dependent variable in Figure are not also explained. How come that financial and market resutls are combined? If it is financial it may be referring to profitability. Since profitability of the respondents may be best measure by the amount of dollars earned per amount or quantityf of customer focused results, it is difficutl to contemplate how the researchers have mixed financial and market resutls together. Does market resutls imply increased revenues in dollars and increase in market share? In the absence of a clear explanation the result of the researchers work could remain questionable and may lack the validity and use for decision making purposes. Figure 3, which is considered Appendix 3 in this paper, also uses confusing variables in the graph by making this time, horizonal axis to represent the Customer and market focus as independent results and making the vertical axis to represent the customer focused results. If Figure 3 is related to Figure 2, it would appear what was previously assumed as independent variable has now become a dependent variable. Since the researchers did not explain the graph, the most logical inference to find consistency with the what they have concluded is to assume that the more that respondents would have to increase customer and market focus, to have higher of the degree of customer focused results, which as explained earlier were not explained how were they segmented into degrees to afford appreciation of change in the degree. In other words, the confusion is not clarified by redundantly using a variable without explaining the composition and significant of each degree or level of focused results. As in Figure 2, the use of Figure 3 did not help to support the claim of the researchers and that their conclusion could utmost be considered as surmises or conjectures without sufficient evidence. In addition, the use by researchers again of the customer and market focus as the independent variable appears to be predetermined because of their failure to show convincing proof that it was the most influential among the criteria for performance excellence under Figure 1 of their paper, which is Appendix I of this paper. They have of course asserted that the choice of the customer and market focus as most controlling contributor was based on the response of the respondents in the survey. As to how much more important the criterion to other criteria was not also explained; hence it is possible that the results of the claim of increased profitability because of the criterion of customer and market focus may not be safely be taken with high level of confidence, statistically speaking.

Professionalism in healthcare Essays

Professionalism in healthcare Essays Professionalism in healthcare Essay Professionalism in healthcare Essay The term professionalism as applied in health profession is normally multifaceted and can thus be divided in to three classes; professional parameters, professional behaviors, and professional responsibilities. Professional parameters are those that include legal and ethical issues. Professional behaviors are those that relate to discipline as concern knowledge and skills, appropriate relationships with clients and colleagues as well as desirable appearance and attitudes. Professional responsibilities on the other hand concerns responsibility to the profession as well as to the practitioner, clients, employers and the society. Over the past years the issue of professionalism has been a major concern within the healthcare sector (medical). The professionalism or lack thereof as exhibited by many medical practitioners as includes radiologists and other related concern have been witnessed in the wider scope of the health profession Effective health care service delivery is largely dependent on high degrees of skill in professionalism. The professionalism skills are essential to all practitioners who believe and subscribe to vision of a successful radiology profession. Any health care professions like radiology that exhibits high level of excellence in the provision of health care research and education are promoting professionalism. With reference to past research a great number of issues as concerns quality and safety in radiology have been identified (Lane, F. Donnelly Janet, L. Stife. 2006). ). Errors that involve medication, wrong site procedures, mistakenly identifying patient’s procedural complications among other complications all relate to the radiology field in health care to varied extents. Arguments suggesting that systems issues are essential to obtaining better quality and safety is equally very valid to radiology as it is to other health care services. Particular cases such as lost or inaccessible images and reports, delayed communication of patients’ results as well as inadequate information about patients are known issues in radiology that have been addressed through the implementation of both hospital and radiology information systems. This has in effect minimized the operational costs while at the same time the level of quality and service has greatly improved. Through such institutions as ACR, which has taken a leading role in nurturing programs that seek to address various issues that are unique to radiology. These issues include but are not limited to practice guidelines, level of technical standards appropriateness of criteria to use in examination imaging and programs accreditation. Even though it is often not easy to measure the skills subjective attitudes that amounts to excellent professionalism skills in any field of heath sciences like radiology, and as such come up with an outstanding radiologist, in my opinion there is a great sense of professionalism within the health sciences as applies to radiology. This is due to the development of various programs that have stressed on the significance of the professionalism skills. These programs have to an extent created measures that motivate positive radiologists’ behaviour. Such tools like the 360- degree feed back have also helped to establish the level of professionalism in health sciences that is very appreciable. However like in every discipline where participants have for long been termed as â€Å"professionals† there still exists such perceived problems of sub optional professional behaviour as well as communication. This is due to the fact that initially topics that relate to interpersonal skills as well as professionalism were not so much stressed in medical education. The dedication toward the training and sensitizing in professionalism and its significance has been largely lacking. In spite of these, the various programs developed I do believe would help to better the level of professional in the various sectors of health sciences.

Video Games

Video Games If there is one thing that young English learners and ESL classes have in common around the world, its their passion for playing video games. It doesnt matter what platform they use: Playstation 2, XBox, GameBoy or Nitendo - and especially smart phones, they love to play and talk about playing. Taking cue from this passion for video games, this lesson is devoted to getting them to talk about video games - but in English! Aim: Getting students to talk, learning new vocabulary Activity: Discussing video games - Making video games vocabulary trees Level: Intermediate to advanced Outline: Have students read the short video game advertisement.Discuss new words and other related vocabulary.Ask students to get into small groups of three or four and fill in a MindMap or vocabulary tree for video games.Ask students to fill in the types of games worksheet individually.Divide students into small groups. Students should brainstorm on the types of games they play. For example, are they multiplayer or arcade games? The game equipment theyll need. This is especially useful for hardcore gamers as theyll have extra gear. The video games they currently play and how to play the games.  Ask each student (or group of students) to write  Ask students to NOT use the name of the game, but write a description of one of their favorite video games using the vocabulary in the vocabulary tree, on their worksheet and in their discussions. Make sure to point out that directions should be given in the imperative voice (i.e., Open the door, go to the chest, get the gold, etc. NOT You must ope n the door, you must then go to the chest, you must get the gold from the chest, etc.) Have students read their game descriptions to the class. Ask the other students to guess which game is being described. Reading: Do You Love Gaming? If the answer is yes (and were sure it is!), then youre going to love this new classic! Star Hunters is the game with something for everyone! Designed for multiple platforms including: Playstation, XBox - and smart phone versions for iPhone and Android. This 3-D game puts you in control! A cross between a role-playing, action, educational and fighting game, youll be wowed by its incredibly addictive nature. This game has got it all, puzzles to solve, tasks to complete and missions to accomplish - and all these in various player modes. Just think, if you like to fight, you can fight your way to the top. If you prefer quizzes, the wizards have plenty of questions to ask as you learn your way to success. All this with multiple navigation systems: joystick, keyboard and mouse. Get Star Hunters - the fun has just begun! Mind Map Create a mind map or vocabulary tree of words related to: Verbs - Actions: What do you do?  Nouns - Things - Places: What things can you find? Where do you go? Where are you at?Adjectives - What does the game look like? How does it seem? Worksheet: Types of Games What types of games do you play? What categories might you use? Are the games puzzles, multiplayer, or arcade games? Describe your games. Game Environment What equipment do you need to play in the game? What kind of environment does the game take place in? Does it have a race track or mountain scenes? Does the game take place on a field? Video Games Which video games do you usually play? Do other students play those games?   Rules of the Game What are the rules of your favorite games?   Your Best Game Describe your best game. What happened? What was the score? Who or what did you beat?

Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Egypt - Essay Example The settlement marked the onset of a more centrally oriented society; the Early Dynasty Period (3100-2686 BCE); the kingdom of the earliest Egyptian king Menes. The Egyptians made use of copper, made architectural and state buildings. Firmly established was the concept of 'Divine Kingship' which persisted in Egypt for around three millennia (Kinnaer, 2012). The Old Kingdom (2686-2181 BCE) was one of the high times of the Egyptian civilization, centered on the God kings; their mummification and the concept of immortality being practiced for the royals and the priests. The first evidence of statue making, painting and writing of annals of important events is also found in this dynasty. This Era in antiquity was followed by collapse of the unified Egypt due to political instability, famine and local violation of temples and then began the First Intermediate Period(2181-2055 BCE) which witnessed much turmoil in shape of low floods. While the Nile floods allowed cultivation of land, Herak leopolitan king Bahr Yusuf restored order and stability in the region. Subsequently the Theban ruler Mentuhotep unified Egypt again and gave way to the establishment of Middle Kingdom (Hassan, 2012). The Theban ruler reestablished central authority, regained hold of southern delta and unified the two valleys to usher the Middle Kingdom(2055-1650 BCE). In this era the Cult of Orisis was attended to and military campaigns were sent, that contributed in regaining Egypt`s lost land. Finest carved reliefs and outstanding monuments like Mentuhotep's mortuary complex are the gifts of this dynasty to the Egyptian history (Meyers, 1996). When the Huskos invaded this land, the Second Intermediate(1650-1550 BCE) Period started which was characterized mainly by decentralization, change of center to Thebes, production of literary and scientific text and administrative records. This era ended after the Theban rulers drove Huskos away from Avaris. Subsequent rise of the Theban ruler Ahmose ushered the New Kingdom (1550-1069 BCE) and the pharaohs commanded unimaginable wealth.The Empire became the most prosperous of all times and at the peak of its power (Shaw, 2000). A number of artistic finds are related to this period including monumental architecture, mortuary temples of Thebes, statuary to honor pharaohs and gods, huge tombs made by cutting rock and various artistic masterpieces created by common individuals of that society. This period spans over five centuries (Logan, 1977). With the death of the pharaoh in 21st Dynasty, began the 350 years duration of politically divided rule; and finally at the end Nubians took over; in the Third Intermediate Period however bronze statuary kept on flourishing (the Third intermediate Period, metmuseum.org). After some years of Nubian rule, Assyrians invaded the land and fought for about 8 years; the Late Period(664-332 BCE) began from here, then the Saite took over and Egypt became its ally. After fall of Assyrians, Babylonians posed the major threat but the Persians conquered Babylon and with it Egypt as well. Alexander the Great defeated the Persians in 332 B.C. The last dynasty to rule ancient Egypt was Nectanebo, and Nectanebo II

War on terror as a media war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

War on terror as a media war - Essay Example In the past,the role of Media was defined and static as media was decisively used as a source to portray knowledge and information.In the contemporary period,media’s roles and functions are diverse,as now media has been used to create propagandas,spread political agendas and channelize a desired set of opinion to the publicActually,media has come out with a role to change the perception of the mass populace. It has come out to dominate the perception of the larger population (Barker, 1997). According to many scholars, War on Terror was a war that got initiated and established on media. It was media that compelled the reasons of war on terror and it was media that actually followed through the September 11 incident, which became the reason for originating the so-called war on terrorism. This study is investigating the US declared War on Terror as a Media War. The study stands on the argument that war on terror is in fact a war of media, which is only a broadcasting instrument i n any democratic society like US, UK, and Europe. Is media a propagator, a manipulator or a spreader of the right set of information? is a question, which this study will try to investigate and answer. The September 11 incident and the Media Projection When the September 11 attacks hit America, it was the highest media coverage that the incident received at that time. The coverage was so well directed and well projected that it got viewed at the mass global level. Televisions, radios, Internet news portals, and websites all got switched up to broadcast this disastrous happening (Baudrillard, 2002). It was actually an outburst of information that incurred during this catastrophic event. What was it? People called it a balloon of information that got blown up at the time of September 11 incident. Information covered the world, covered the mass global audience, its large perception and opinion. These were the strongest implications, which media brought on the September 11 incident. It was projected that Osama Bin Laden with his intentions to attack America was behind this terrorism activity. Similarly, the later projections of media were that Al-Qaeda and Saddam Hussain designed this mass terror act. This is how time after time, media projected of what it was told to project and demonstrated of what it was instructed to demonstrate (Barker, 1997). This is the argument, which several journalists and anchorpersons put onto the media coverage of the September 11 incident. The media coverage was transcending and out of the limits to broadcast the 9/11 incident. This is what most of the critics argument that media projection and demonstration of the September 11 incident was not in accordance to media obligations and standards. A 10-hour transmission each day on all international broadcasting forums was how media demonstrated the 9/11 incident. It was beyond the media laws, beyond the media jurisdiction, code and obligation as suggested by Dowmunt (1993) in his book a bout the role of media as a propagator. It was seen after September 11 that media got used as a planning instrument. The critics argument that media was not media as it was before the time of September 11 incident. It was something like a propagating machine after the September 11 incident as media role discussed by Wasko & Mosco (1992). Spreading information consistently and precisely to the mass global audience became the primary function of media at the time of September 11 incident occurred. Why was it so? The critics respond to it in a way that that media became a vibrant channel to spread a desired point of opinion and a desired perception to the public after the incident took over (Mirzoeff, 2005). Delivering a desired perception to public for changing the public opinion was something, which was something thought and prospered on media sources. The critics assert that media was used as a tracker of information and