Social Sciences Essay Example for Free

Social Sciences Essay1. Primary data are those which are collected anew and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. They are gathered by the looker for the specific purpose of addressing the research difficulty. Secondary data, on the other hand, are those which have already been collected by someone else and have been processed statistically. These are collected for some purpose other than the problem at hand (Polonsky Waller, 2005 Kothari, 2005).Some of the disadvantages of using a newspaper or magazine article as secondary source are doubts in the reliability, credibleness and accuracy of data as sources may non be known, and the obsolescence of data as well (Summers Johnson-Morgan, 2005). Primary and secondary data alone are not sufficient. They should be both used in research because secondary data can be lacking something that only primary data can brook (Groucutt, Leadley, Forsyth, 2004). 2. Television broadcasts such as news are not tota lly valid as there is a tendency, especially in programs aimed at a wide public, to oversimplify data. rude(a)s normally offers one set of secondary data. It would be a better practice to compare data from different sources (Walliman, 2006). The questionnaire, as a means for collecting primary data, should have minimal errors in its design in order to minimize bias in reporting and to maximize the likelihood of generating information that is reliable and valid (Amedeo, Golledge, Stimson, 2008). A systematic research design is aimed to ensure that appropriate issues are taken into account. It provides the mechanism by which research processes and practices can be assessed.The research design lays the foundation for a sound hypothesis describing the interrelationship of variables and providing the researcher with a baseline from which to work. A good research design eliminates ambiguity in concepts, thus ensuring construct validity. The actual design of the research process ensures t hat no other variables can affect the study, hence enhancing essential validity. The research design also provides control to unwanted variables that may arise in the conduct of the research in order to uphold its external validity.statistical tests are used as instruments to verify the validity of the hypothesis. Hence, if statistical information is wrong, the hypothesis will be invalid (Black, 1999). References Amedeo, D. , Golledge, R. G. , Stimson, R. J. (2008). Person-Environment-Behavior inquiry Investigating Activities and Experiences in Spaces and Environments. New York Guilford Press. Black, T. R. (1999). Doing Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences An Integrated Approach to Research Design, Measurement and Statistics. California SAGE Publishing.Groucutt, J. , Leadley, P. , Forsyth, P. (2004). Marketing Essential Principles, New Realities. London Kogan foliate Publishers. Kothari, C. R. (2005). Research Methodology Methods Techniques. New Delhi New Age Publisher s. Polonsky, M. J. , Waller, D. S. (2005). Designing and Managing a Research Project A Business Students Guide. California SAGE Publishing. Summers, J. Johnson-Morgan, M. (2005). Sports Marketing. Ontario Nelson Thomson Learning. Walliman, N. S. R. (2006). Social Research Methods. California SAGE Publishing.

What Is Meant by the Terms Aims and Objectives Essay Example for Free

What Is Meant by the Terms Aims and Objectives EssayA missionary post describes the organisations basic functions in society, this is in terms of the harvests and work that it produces for its guests. A clear business mission should have each of the following elements Purpose, this is why the business exists, next t present is the Strategy and scope, this is what the business is doing and going to hear and achieve, next is the standards and behaviours, this is the rules and regulations of how the business is to be operated, last there is the values, this is what the management believes in for the business to work. The aims of a business can be different depending on which sector theyre in Privately have businessThis business focuses more on their customers and the employees, with the costs of their products or how they give the value for the money to the products that they sell. They also focus on the profit maximisation, the growth, and their increasing commercialize sh atomic number 18 survival. Publicly owned organisationsThese may mention the service of process they picture, the work they do is implyd in the missions statements about the quality of their efficiency ad customers. These ar also here to provide the best service possible to the community with the money that is provided by the government for them to spend. Non-for-profit and voluntary organisationsThese people focus on the services they provide, the causes they support or their aims in helping those who atomic number 18 in need. These also focus on charities for example Oxfam, British heart foundation, and many more charities, that impart help people who atomic number 18 indeed.ValuesStrategy and scopeStandards and Behaviours3 Examples of mission statements.EasyJetTo provide its customers with safe, good value, point-to-point air services. To effect and to offer a invari fitting and reliable product and fares appealing to leisure and business markets on a range of European r outes. To achieve this they will develop their people and establish unyielding relationships with their suppliers. Reference http//www.bized.co.uk/compfact/easyjet/easy8.htm BAAOur mission is to shed light on BAA the most successful airport group in the world. This meansAlways focusing on our customers need and safety.Achieving continuous improvements in the profitability, costs and quality of all our processes and services.Enabling us all to give of our best.Growing with the support and trust of our neighbours.Source BAA sack siteReference http//www.bized.co.uk/compfact/baa/baa8.htmMcDonaldsMcDonalds aim to be the UKs best fast service restaurant experience. Reference http//www.bized.co.uk/compfact/mcdonalds/mc9.htm Many mission statements are quite short, further others are long. These all include the aims and the objectives of the business, in other words what the business is going to do and how it will achieve its missions.5 Business AimsSurvival, Is a strike for all busin ess especially when they first start trading, To survive a business needs to work really hard to find and keep customers, merely making sure there a lot better than their competitors. Growth, this is another way of saying of increasing the sales, but the sales can be change magnitude by increasing the market share, by selling in parvenue areas or to new customers of the country, or even developing better products or services. faulting Even, In order for a business to service it needs to be able to break even, this is the point where a business becomes self sufficient, where the money it collects in each sales is equal to the money it spends on costs. Sales, this is where some businesses only focus on their increasing sales, perhaps because they think that big firms can fight more effectively than smaller companies/ businesses.Market Share,This is where many companies will aim to increase their market share each year by winning its customers apart from their rivals. The aims o f a business will turn depending on the sector theyre in. Private Sector, the aims for this are profit maximisation, growth, increasing market share and survival. And they also would be looking to expand the business. Government, the aims for this sector is to grow the economy, to help provide the best services to the public, they also are there to keep people safe to grow a fair community.Public sector, there aims are to provide the best service that is possible to the community with money which is provided by the government, they also are here to help improve service provision and they also have to operate within the budget that is at break even. Not-for- profit, this is to raise awareness of particular causes and is to provide the best service possible with the available money. And are to increase the rand of services Voluntary sector, this sector is to raise awareness of particular causes and is to provide the best service possible, with all the volunteers that are available. These also support a free service to the needy.Example of Business AimsBritish Airways, this year we have mapped out a long-run vision for our business. It is to be the worlds leading global premium airline. http//www.britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba_ report0809/pdfs/Strategy.pdf Sainsbury, Aims are to provide a safe and prosperous town for its residents declare as much as possible http//www.ukqna.com/business/2906-2-buesiness-ukqna.htmlEasy Jet, to provide its customers with safe, good value, point-to-point air services. To effect and to offer a consistent and reliable product and fares appealing to leisure and business markets on a range of European routes. http//www.experts123.com/q/what-are-the-business-aims-and-objectives-of-easyjet.html Tescos Value for money- competitive prices- meeting consumer needs progressive returns on investment. http//www.blurit.com/q901525.htmlOxfam, to see to it levels and determinates of utilisation in the views ofvarious stakeholders (population, health committees, providers, health authorities) in the context of cost sharing. http//www.oxfam.org.uk/resources/downloads/wp_costsharing_yemen/wp_yemen_2aimsBusiness Objectives.Aims are where the business indispensablenesss to go in the future these are long term achievements for a dream to come true for them. Objectives are more specific than aims. They are set over the short to medium term. Objectives are necessary because aims, in themselves, are to general and may be overwhelming. The aims maybe *for example*, to go to university. Business can meet their objectives by keeping pore on what theyre going to do, and what they need to do to get to that objective. For example, wanting to go to university, they need to get all their A levels.Objectives need to be suffer in order for them to be realistic and work for a business. Smart- stands forSpecific- You need to have a clear statement about what you will be doing. It is unremarkably quantified, which this means that it has a number in it. Measurable- Achievement can be checked. By keeping a record of your progress, and the completed assessment, this will be able to measure the achievements. Achievable- you can attain youre target if you work hard, you can also do really well if you stretch youre self. Realistic- Your target should be sensible one that you can stand a chance of achieving it, for example, saying you will make 2000 a week. Time- Constrained- every objective should have a take care included for achievement or review. This acts as warning, as well as backup if you happen to be falling behind.The objectives of a business will vary depending on the sector theyre in. Private Sector, Increase sales, and reduce the costs to develop new products and services, improve existing products and services to hopefully find new customers. Government, to reduce the crime to set the appropriate taxes, petrol prices, and provide the best schools and hospitals, to create new laws they should als o improve the product quality. Public sector, toexceed customer expectations, for example they could reduce the waiting time in hospitals, help to improve exam results for GCSE and A level students. And they want to lower crime rates. They could also try and meet customer targets. And keep the costs low. Not-for- profit, to raise more money and to reduce the costs so more money can be employ on the services, to improve services, to get more people aware of the particular cause. Voluntary sector, they want to get more volunteers to help improve their services. They also want to increase revenue from donations. They should also take into account of reducing costs.Examples of Business objectivesThe first set of objectives is taken from Kelloggs a PLC business and the other objectives are from a not for profit organisation Barbadoss . Kelloggs,1.encourage and support physical activity among all sectors of the population 2.use resources to sponsor activities and run physical activity t hink community programmes for its consumers and the public in general 3.increase the association between Kellogg and physical activity 4.use the cereal packs to communicate the balance message to consumers 5.Introduce food labelling that would enable consumers to make decisions about the right balance of food.http//www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyusing-aims-objectives-to-create-business-strategy6-267-3.phpBarnardos ambition for the next three years is to help as many families and children as possible to overcome disadvantage. To fulfil this ambition, our aims include touse donations to help the most vulnerable andhardest to reach children and young peoplebetter demonstrate the effectiveness ofour childrens servicesextend our reach into nonage communitiescampaign fearlessly on behalf of a populationof disadvantaged children, young people andfamilies who struggle to represent themselvesexceed the average fundraising performanceacross charities in the UKgrow awareness of and active sup port forBarnardos workattract more volunteers, especially to ourstores and childrens servicescontinue to grow our net retail incomedrive up organisational performance andIncrease our competitive advantage.http//www.barnardos.org.uk/annual_review_2010_interactive.pdf

PESTEL analysis and diamond theory of Cambodia

PESTEL analysis and diamond theory of CambodiaAs a result of a worldwide competition cosmos global is becoming a lot strategic for the companies. One unspoiled cause for the endless competition according to Daniels Radebaugh (1998) is that the global commercialize is not large rich for all the companies. Anderson et al (1998) argue that the internationalisation is being more important unwrap-of-pocket to borderless world.According to Daniels and Radebaugh (1998), in that location are several primings for organisations to enter the global market today. The actually first reason for going global is to expand sales. Sales dependent on two major factors consumers interest in goods and services and the leaveingness or ability to buy those products. If in that respects a match of those two factors pop outside their home commonwealth, companies mass get mellower sale going global. Second factor is to stupefy resources, when there is omit or inadequate resource in the ho me region companies tend to move into global arena where they push aside seek out resources which can also help them reduce make up and getting competitive reward. Third but not the least is for minimising the gamble, diversifying sources of sales and suppliers by operating in different countries and different argument cycles, helps bloodes to reduce swings in sales and profit. Sales always decrease or dont grow some(prenominal) in a countrified that is in recession and sales increases in ane that is economically expanding. Example of Nestle in early 2000 shows that their sales was sluggish in Western europium and United States but the growth in Asian, Eastern European and Latin American market was quite fast.Being in Apparel Industry of USA, it is very essential to do slightly research and study for finding out which country to select or which country is much better for the manufacture to black market smoothly and can give good returns. in that respect are two known environmental factors which can affect the companionship, Internal and External. Internal environmental factor, to some extent can be controlled by the comp either being a internal one whereas the external environmental factors cant be controlled by the company itself. Such factors under external environment are Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, technological and Legal. So before selecting any country, it is necessary for conducting study on the mixed external environmental factors that may affect the company or can make negative impact. We perk up been proposed two different countries turkey and Cambodia, where the Apparel Industry wants to expand its footprint. In order to get a clear picture for selecting the best country that is much suitable for expansion, PESTLE analysis and Diamond Analysis are more helpful strategic management tools we seduce that provides useful framework to analyze the environmental pressure on business.PEST Analysis of CambodiaPOLITICAL LEGAL Ca mbodia is one the developing countries of South East Asia, having validational monarchy with a multi party democracy and an elected governance. No party got the proper majority in the elections held in July 2008, then formed a coalition government. The constitution written in 1993 helped the country for a stable political environment in comparison of past decades of warfare and internal strife. Diplomatic relations with most countries consent been established including the US. Cambodia has a membership of most major international organisations like UN, ASEAN, ADB, IMF, The World Bank and WTO. US-Cambodian reversible relations have been deepened and broadened in past years. US has helped the country near(a)ly $62 million through various USAID mission welfare programs.Economic Cambodia has a GDP (2009) of $10.8 billion, Per Capita GDP (2009) of $731 and inflation (2009) of 4.5%. Garment, Textile and shoe manufacturing, rice milling, tobacco, weighteries and fishing, wood and woo d products, cement, rubber, papers and food processing are major industrial vault of heaven of the country which hold 21.7% of GDP (2009 est.). Country has been able to export worthy $3.9 billion in 2009 to its major partners like US, UK, Germany, Singapore, Japan and so forth and has imported fuel, cigarette, vehicles, consumer goods, machinery worth $5.4 billion (2009).Sound macroeconomic policies, political stability, regional economic growth and government openness (100% share holding FDIs al abjected) towards the investment has attracted growing digit of investors, due to which FDI has increase 12 fold since 2004. Garment and tourism are the key industry which drove the countrys economy having sustainable 10% growth during 2004-2007. In 2009 during global recession, it was near zero, but is considered that it exit gain the momentum again in 2010. Infrastructure are not adequate, however road networks are improving rapidly. Corruption and lack of legal protection for investo rs are the two main reasons which may hamper economic opportunity and competitiveness.Socio-Cultural Population of Cambodia (2008 census) is 13.4 million and 95% of those have faith in Theravada Buddhism and rest Islam, Christian etc. Country is a mixture of 90% Cambodians, 5% Vietnamese, 1% Chinese and others 4% ethnic groups. Cambodia has a literacy rate (2007) of 75.1% and Khmer is a first language spoken by 95% of universe of discourse and English is increasing as a second language. Cambodians mainly eat rice and fish and they are known for silk and cotton weaving, silver work, silver and gold jewellery and basketry. Garment industries mostly comprise of female employees and the cut into cost is very low $ 50 80 per month (NPRS PRF article). dud has the labour force (2003 est) of 7 million. Police and judicial systems are believed to be corrupt.Technology Cambodia is way behind in their technological sector. As most of the FDIs have entered the country, they have also brough t their own technology with them, so possibility of spill-over of the technological knowledge to the country can be seen.PEST Analysis of TurkeyPolitical Legal Turkey is a large and republic country having democratic, secular and parliamentary government system. Its first constitution was written in 1982 and was amended in 1987, 1995, 2001 and 2007. Referendum of October 2007 has made president more strong and powerful and the president is elected directly by voting. The politics and government of Turkey is considered to be stable.Economic Turkey has a GDP (2009 est.) of $608 billion and GDP per capita (2009 est.) of $8,456. Inflation rate (2009 November) is 5.53%. Turkey had exported (2009 September) of $73.1 billion which comprises of textiles snip industry, machinery, electronics, motor vehicles etc. and imported (2009 September) worth $99.9 billion of petroleum, machinery, vehicles, electronics, iron, steel, plastic and precious metals. Turkeys economy is moving from agricult ural industrial to large and globalised services sector. It has opened its economy in mid-eighties and also signed customs heart and soul agreement with the European Union in 1995, and Turkey is also working hard to get the membership in EU. Instead of economic downturn, high unemployment rate and high inflation during 1990s, in the year 2001 it started recovering faster since then with an average of 6% per year due to the help and support from IMF and The World Bank. Turkeys economy has already attracted $18.3 billion net FDIs in 2008. However there are several disputes with the investors regarding high taxation, it has a number of bilateral investment and tax treaties as well with many countries including the US, which has guaranteed free repatriation of capital in convertible currencies and eliminate double transaction.Socio-Cultural Turkey has a population of 76.8 million. Turkish, Kurdish are the major ethnic groups of which 99% are Muslims and rest of them are Christian, Ba hai and Jewish. People in Turkey speak Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian and simple and has a work force of 24.4 million and 70% of the population live in urban areas of the country. Turkish law prohibits the labour of child under 15 years of age, however if they are 13 14 and are enrolled in school can do light and part time work.Technological Turkey has various research institutions and organisation which are focused on RD along with many ancient Technical universities which is benefiting the country in advancement of technology much(prenominal) as telephone lines, mobile phones, radio stations, television stations and Internet. Turkey is famous for its telecommunication development.Possible Impact of the environmental factorsPEST analysis reveals that there lie some similarities and some differences in each of the environmental factors of both the countries. We may examine that politically at the moment both Cambodia and Turkey have stable governments even if they had violen ce and disturbances in the political situation of the country in the past. Both the countries have maintained good relationship with the United States and have also invested a lot in both countries. Both have open economy allowing other nations to come and do business in their country using their available resources much(prenominal) as land labour etc. Having a stable and sound political environment is always a bequest for both the host and the home nation for starting any business.Economic analysis reveals that Turkey is way ahead than Cambodia. GDP of Turkey is 60 time bigger than Cambodia, which means there is a sound economic environment for doing business. If we have a look on the exports and imports sector, Turkey is doing pretty good. From the apparel industrys closure of view, in both the countries, Garment and Textile industries are flourishing since long time and have aided the economy of both the countries with positive effect. As we can see that the number of FDIs in Cambodia have increased very dramatically (12 fold since 2004) in very short time, it may be due to the reason Cambodia due has a very low cost labour. Also, Turkey has been able to attract a lot of FDIs in their country. Turkey has signed customs union with EU and also has bilateral treaties with US, it may help Apparel industry to have much competitive advantage. Having sound and stable economy is very much helpful for any business who wants to expand and in these criteria both countries have 50-50 chances of selection.Socially and culturally, both the countries are very different. Cambodia is considered as a Buddhist country and Turkey has 99% population of Muslim religion. People in Turkey are much educated or have higher literacy rate than Cambodia.Technological environment has also got much difference in both the countries. Turkey in comparison to Cambodia is much advanced. In Cambodia, the FDIs which have started their operation are transferring their technological knowledge to the country, whereas Turkey has developed much in telecommunication and textile industry. Turkey used to import the textile machinery from Germany, but recently they have begun manufacturing on its own from small to medium sized companies involved in manufacturing. According to German Engineering Federation Textiles Machinery Association, German textile machinery exports had gone down by 62% in 2008 as compared with 2007. So, we can see the development in technology in Turkey is much more than Cambodia.Porters Diamond TheoryWe can use the Diamond model of Michael Porter to assess the viability of both the countries. Classical theories of international trade and business propose that comparative advantage lie in the factor endowments that any country has got. Those factor endowments include, Land, Natural resources, labour and the size of topical anesthetic population. Porter argued that a nation creates new advanced factor endowments such as skilled labour, a strong technology and knowledge base, government support and the culture. Porters diamond model consists of four major aspects 1) element Conditions 2) Demand Conditions 3) relate and supporting Industries and 4) firms strategy, structure and rivalry which creates competitive advantage amongst the nations and now there are two additional variables 1) judicature and 2) chance also influence the system.Factor of condition It represents the position of factor of production, input which is necessary to compete in any industries, which are Land, Labour, Capital, Infrastructure, Natural resources etc. Appleyard and Field (2001) argue that all the classical theories in trade rest on the factors of production for example Adam Smiths absolute advantage, David Recardos Comparative advantage and Hechesher-Ohlin theorem etc. If we compare Cambodia and Turkey, Turkey has the competitive advantage over Cambodia due to these factors of productions discussed above. Turkey is a large country, have huge population, huge work force (unskilled and semiskilled), good infrastructure and more capital than Cambodia, so Turkey gains the high priority for any business willing to go global.Demand Condition It represents the demand condition for the industrys products or services in the local and global market. As it is revealed through PEST analysis, that both the countries are doing pretty good in textile and garment industry, attracting and encouraging the investors to come and invest because there is a huge demand of this industry worldwide, because of the cheap labour in Cambodia and Location factor of Turkey. Both countries are different in creating demand conditions. Turkey has got huge potential than Cambodia.Related and Supporting industries Third determinant of national advantage in an industry is to have suppliers and related industries which can give the industry a competitive advantage. If local supporting industries are competitive, any business can enjoy the cost effectiveness. Scanning both the countries, we can find out that, Cambodia has least supporting industries than of Turkey. Turkey is developing and has many textile machinery manufacturers currently, if business needs, they dont have to look outside the country and also they can save much cost over it which gives some competitive advantage of low cost leadership in comparison to the countries where businesses have to import the machinery at higher cost and taxes.Firms Strategy, Structure and Rivalry As this factor clearly says that, strategy of businesses operating in the country, its structure and the rivalry or competition amongst them creates competitive advantage of the nation. opus doing PEST, we saw the trend of FDIs going to both the country is very much increasing, hence, this factor is growing. Various international firms operating there are teaching the countries how they do business back home, which is adding something to the country. Both the countries are learning from the investors. The huge attraction in the garment, textile and apparel industry has also increased rivalry among the businesses, which is considered good because it increases pressure to improve and innovate on what they are doing, which helps nation to get advantage. We can find out that Turkey is dominant in this factor than Cambodia.Government and Chance Chance events are developed in the period of time by new innovations, new technologies, positive political developments and shifts in foreign demand, where any nation can capitalise using this chance to get the competitive advantage amongst the nation. Government on the other hand is also equally important to be considered because it can improve or detract from the national advantage due to the policies which may influence (negative and positive) on each of the determinants of diamond model discussed above. In the case of Cambodia and Turkey, both the countrys government are interested in attracting more FDIs in their country and have opened their econ omy which we can see in the GDP growth rate of both countries reflect it and can compare the two nations which one is more attractive.Market entry mode for foreign businessMaking decision of how to enter the market or the country for business is so crucial and can have significant impact on the business. There are various modes of entry into international marketing such as the Internet (use of internet or e-commerce), Exporting (direct sale of domestically produced goods), Contracting, Licensing, International Agents and Distributors (use of distributors for merchandising goods), Strategic Alliances (joining hand with the competitor), Joint Ventures, Mergers and Acquisitions, FDIs etc. Some of them are discussed below and we will examine which mode will be much suitable for our apparel industry to enter both Cambodia and Turkey.Licensing This entry mode permits a company in the target company for using its technology, brand, expertise, where the organisation charges a fee or royalty for that use. Licensor has to invest very little, but it has got a huge potential of providing very large return on investment. Licensing includes franchising, turnkey contracts and contract manufacturing . We can have examples of franchising strategy applied McDonalds restaurant, Coffee Republic and Dominos Pizza entering into the target country.Joint Ventures In this entry mode foreign business selects a local business and invests some shares in it. Doing so, both the firms share the risk and the rewards while doing business, their technology and the government regulations and other legal obligations imposed in the country. In some countries there is a legal requirement to have local partner to do business by any foreign company with special number of shares.Foreign Direct Investment In FDI, business has the direct ownership of facilities in the target country. They open wholly new subsidiary (Greenfield investment) or they can use Merger and Acquisition strategy. In this they have to transfer their resources such as capital, technology and the skilled personnel. In this kind of entry mode, business has a high degree of control in the operations.Best entry modeCambodiaAs we did the PEST and Diamond analysis of the country, we can see various factors that may affect the operation of the business. Cambodian government are flexible enough to get the foreign business to come and start up a business and the foreign and local apparel and textile industry are also flourishing in the country due to the low cost labour available in the country. For Cambodia, we can have a licensing mode of entry because there are still many things need to be improved in the country such as labour skills, government fiscal and monetary policy, infrastructure and technology. If the business adopts the licensing entry strategy, business will have less risk due to various factors like, language problem, exchange rate risk, labour obligations, and government regulations.TurkeyFor Turke y, we can propose the FDI form of entry in the market. Instead of possibleness a wholly new subsidiary, company can think of acquiring or merging with the local firm already established and doing considerable business, which will help the company to gain the existing customers, market, talent of the company. As we have seen the trend of FDI going to Turkey, which has increased tremendously in the recent years, because of the less risk and the market is growing enormously in comparison to the neighbouring countries and the demand for apparels and textiles produced in Turkey is also quite high so the company will not have to invest much of their time to create the environment as it is already created. Government is also flexible enough for the FDIs and the political stability will help, pool of skilled labour availability will also help reducing cost of transferring the knowledge from US to Turkey where as it is quite high in case of Cambodia.

Mcdonalds Human Resource Management (HRM)

Mcdonalds Human Resource Management (HRM)In this report it has been analyzed and found out the kind of Human Resource management theories and techniques are in reality implemented or practiced by the McDonalds Human Resource Management. The field study it has d ane entails by visiting the HR dominance of the McDonalds located at the Notting Hill Gate, London. Throughout the visit it has been observed the all practices. It has been also observed the doinging culture and the motivating factors at the McDonalds and also the police squad work. Due to grading the Recruitment, Training, Business strategies and the Performance management. After analyzing the books and the website of McDonalds it is able to explain the theories of the Human Resource Management and also the some of the corporate values of the McDonalds. In the course of the study and the research It have found that the McDonalds process of recruiting the worker and staff and how they deliver the goods discipline to thei r employees. The success of the McDonalds is because of the employees and the different market strategies so this subsidisation is to understand the HR Strategies of the McDonalds. The purpose of this study is to know the enlisting and infusion process in detail and also about the training programme at McDonalds for their employees to hit the objectives of the lodge. Here we also going to discuss the Business strategies used by the McDonalds to hold the better position in the market and the strategies used by McDonald have to respond the unused competition in the market. The performance management system of McDonalds also contrisolelyes its efforts in achieving the aims it contains the strategies to motivate the employees.COMPANY PROFILEMcDonalds originated in California, USA, 1954. McDonalds corporation along with its affiliates shut aways as a provender service retailer worldwide. The franchises of the McDonalds operate the McDonalds restaurants that offer a variety of nu trition items, soft drink, coffee, and otherwise food and beverages. accord to a survey it shows that as of December 31, 2009 the company runs or operates 32,480 restaurants in 117 countries and out of them 26,215 were operated by the franchisees and 6,265 were operated by the company.McDonalds corporation franchises and operates its restaurants in the food service industry. McDonalds issue the products to most of the McDonalds restaurants where McDonalds independently owned and operates distribution centres, which is approved by the company. Where the employee and personnel of restaurants are trained very thoroughly in the storage, preparation and handling of products and in the delivering the good client services. In February 2009 the company sold its interest in REDBOX AUTOMATED RETAIL, LLCThe franchises of McDonalds operates McDonalds restaurant in the food and service industry. These restaurants variety and yet extra value priced menu in more than 117 countries globally. close to of the restaurants are operated by the company or by the franchisees, under the franchise agreement franchisees are include and under license agreements foreign-affiliated markets and girdmental licenses are included.Human Resources Strategies of McDonaldsRecruitmentAs we know that McDonalds is the biggest family restaurants fear in the world. To add the best family restaurants companionship by off the beaten track(predicate) is McDonalds vision. To achieve this we put lot at the centre of everything we do and that goes for our employee as much as our customer.People perform well when they feel better in their job and McDonalds has recognised it so McDonalds go all out to create the right and good on the job(p) environs for everyone. Thats a lot of lot to take up which is why McDonalds strive to provide variety of rewards and benefits that suits all kind of intent expressive styles. McDonalds is flourishing in achieving the best working experience for their pe ople they aim to provide customer the restaurants experience. Employees working in the McDonalds they not only become the part of one of the largest global defacements but also a constantly developing organic law that offers an environment of flexibility, equality, diversity and opportunity. Reflective of the society and communities in which McDonalds operate. In UK McDonalds offers a probably most diverse work in culture. The people come from all walks of tone to McDonalds and they share a common approach i.e. a positive one. HIRE THE SMILE is the policy of the McDonalds when they hire the cluster members and this help to nurture a work force of employee with a positive approach and outlook, in return we earn contented and friendly atmosphere. McDonalds thinks that its not only just about hiring quick and cheerful people its about keep them smiling by doing everything. McDonalds offers rewards and benefits that fit in with their lifestyle, which so ever it may be whether the y are a part- clock time employees working to fund their school and college education or Trainee Business Manager straight out of university.Recruitment and Selection at McDonaldsRecruiting suitable appli gitts Which ever post it may be whether employee wants to join as a crew member or a Trainee Business Manager, McDonalds always provide exceptional support, real progression opportunities, a range of excellent rewards and all potential associated with working for the McDonalds a worlds famous global firebrand.Crew MembersThe McDonalds has designed a three-step covering process for potential crew member to make veritable that they are right for everyone. The first phase of the application is an online people go through an online process which contains some questions. If the outlook is palmy in the first phase they send the invitation to the candidate for an interview with HR officer after that they send the successful candidate for (OJE) On Job military rank and for interview at the restaurants with carriage. The On Job Evaluation is for serves two purpose one is that it helps an d gives the good opportunity to assess the candidates skill in customer services against what is needed to be a successful member of the McDonalds team and also allow the candidates to see that if McDonalds high energy environment suits their preferred style of working. This OJE process takes about 15 minutes and the candidate works at one of the customer facing areas and full instruction is given to candidate on what to do. In addition the candidates have and interview with the calling manager and the whole process leave take about 30 minutes for assessing the candidates.Crew BenefitsMcDonalds provide 28 days paid holidays per annum.After three year service they provide free private health care.Stake holder pension scheme.Bonuses related to to Restaurants performances.Provides vouchers of Argos, Thomas Cook, Debenhams, Marks Spencer andHouse of Fraser awarded at service mi lestonesAnnual pay reviewsGreat discounts, about 13 at Alton Towers and at Thorpe Park Its about 12Saving of 50 per cent at LEGOLAND10 per cent off at dress-for.com63 saving on special BSM learner starter roll up25% off many short breaks and holidays65 per cent off in universal cycles.Welcome MeetingAfter completing all the application process and the candidates are selected and crew member have been hired they are called to attend the Welcome meeting at their chosen restaurants or a recruitment centre. In this meeting the inform and engage new starter for the one hour in this meeting. The meeting involves regard a DVD which provides important tuition about the McDonalds and also allows for interaction between manger and the new starter. The second part is orientation which is compulsory its an online process which provides information regarding the Health n sentry duty test that the new starter has to complete in their own time. The beginning of the orientation starts with the tour of the store highlighting key health and safety and food safety procedures. And it is also recommended that it should be last for the first two ours of the shift.Trainee Business ManagerA trainee business manager participates in an award-winning management training scheme and the business trainee manger is required to show strong leadership quality.It is not a small feet to a win a place on McDonalds management development programme. Its not a short term commitment but rather it represents a long- term career decision. McDonalds want make sure that the candidate and McDonalds are right for all(prenominal) other, therefore the candidates has to go through the four steps of selection process. The first step it is all about the masking piece process which ensures that candidates meet the basic criteria. The successful candidates are asked to complete the next step which contains the personality questionnaire the candidate has to complete it online. This will make sure that the c andidate has the desired attributes and their preferred style of working suites. After that the next step is base on restaurants OJE or On Job Evaluation. The candidate will do real job for a day and learn what its really working in a McDonalds restaurants. After completing OJE process the final step is selection process i.e. an interview with the senior manager. First of all the Trainee Business Manager has to complete an intensive 18 week Management Development programme. This programme will give the candidate thorough training in the business of McDonalds and also train the candidate regarding the commercial skill that are needed to bloom and develop into an effective assistant manager. Later an assistant manager can progress to become business manager or an operating consultant i.e. area manager depending on their desire to achieve.BenefitsThe candidates are provided with a package of master copy rewards which includes a starting salary of up to 21500 including London weightin g. There is also potential of tooshiely bonus within the week of joining. The candidate could be running their own restaurants under the three year and also earning a salary and package of 45000. The successful candidates can expect additionallyHoliday of 5 week per annum and it can be raised to 6 week from April 2009Annual performance in singing of pay reviewLife assurance.Pension schemeAfter six months services they cover a private healthcare and also a company car or cash alternative.Home telephone bill assistance.For every 10 years of services there is a paid sabbatical bestow of eight weeks.Training at McDonaldsIncludes complete development McDonalds constant success of is constructed on the highest principles of quality, delivery of services and cleanliness to customer in each of the McDonalds restaurants. These meters are achieved because of the well trained crew member and also well trained manager. The policy of McDonalds that provide the career opportunities that allo ws the workers to improve and develop their full potential. This policy programme for twain crew and operation management, and a career advancement that enables a first job for the progression of the employees to the senior management position through merit based promotions.Around 55,000 employees are trained in McDonalds every year. McDonalds spends around 10 million over on going employees training every year for providing people with valuable skill.McDonalds work experience is a foundation for future employability, mostly as the UK labour market continues to evolve. As there is increase in the adopt of skilled employees, a job which offers an on-going training with a leading organisation is very best career investment. People from all over the world of life recognition of first job at McDonalds through having prepared them with ingredients of success.Staff TrainingStaff training programme at the McDonalds is an on the job professional experience that make other learn the skills transferable to other industries. In McDonalds the entire new employee begins their experience with an induction into the company. Here the trainers work together shoulder-to-shoulder with other trainees where they absorb the operation skills for running the each and every 11 workstations in every restaurant, from front counter to grill area. Each and every employee learns to operate contemporary food service equipment, gaining knowledge of McDonalds operational procedure.Every manuals and video tapes cover every detail, starting from how to prepare a big Mac, and they also educate that how to deliver exceptional services to customers. Not only this employees also learn how to train and supervise other people. The people who first time employed in McDonalds, McDonalds are an important mentor who teaches the interpersonal and organisational skill which is important for performing effectively on any job. The business of McDonalds demands effective teamwork, discipline and responsibi lity. The burden of McDonalds experience is in improving self-confidence and communication skill and McDonalds stresses on customer care and attitude where organisation experts known as an essential element for business success.Business strategies of McDonaldsAs we know that McDonalds is the most successful fast food chain in the world. In the success of the McDonalds we may possibly easily diagnose number of successful business strategy operations. Time to time McDonalds enhances its own brand imagine with the help of different social activities and sponsors the special events and sports like as a main sponsor of the world cup since 1994 and the champions league football in England from 1996 to 2000.The reason of the McDonalds success is that McDonalds implements many strategies like Porters Competitive strategies model that includes specialisation and low cost leadership or miles n snows strategy typology which describe prospector, defender, reactor and analyser strategy. Its o bvious that McDonalds has to implement or choose the most discriminate strategy for its success.How McDonalds implements its business strategies?The business structure of McDonalds is totally based upon a geographic structure. Because when we access their website they ask the person to choose their country that they are interested in. In fact in the five geographical divisions McDonalds has divided its operations.As shown in the figure that 65 % of McDonalds restaurants located in United States and Europe generates 75% of revenue. The most important strategic approach of McDonalds for fend foring its leading position in the market has to keep the major markets at the resembling time they are expanding their business in the emerging markets. Though there are different consumer groups in the different countries having a different tastes and requirements. So each unit of full geographical functions of McDonalds was required to response full for marketing and producing its products in that particular region. Over this regional or geographical structure the McDonalds is not only satisfying the involve of consumer of that or different geographical areas but also tracking a maximum local development. The main strategy of the McDonalds is that they produce and markets the slightly different kinds of products in different geographical areas and even those products have different prices. Jim Skinner the chairman of McDonalds said once that if you are looking for a command centre with one push button to operate our restaurants in every corner of the world or in the different countries having a different culture you will not find it.Though there is a QSCV-quality service, cleanliness and value philosophy is everywhere. McDonalds is right in understanding the consumer that customer need the fast services, bearable prices and better standard hygiene. In most of the countries McDonalds having a similar product where they provide good services, including beef, chicken a nd bread potatoes and milk. In different countries consumer having a different taste and requirements and McDonalds time to time launches the new products for their regional customer.Effect of external environment on McDonalds strategiesThere are two sectors which affects the McDonalds strategies that are competitor and social concept.Competitor Its flimsy that McDonalds may be at No. 1. In an annual consumer satisfaction survey McDonalds has been listed at last among the fast food restaurants since 1992 and in 4th quarter of 2002 McDonalds had disclosed 1st time its quarterly loss the reason of this is that the consumer has switched to McDonalds competitor i.e. Burger king, subway, etc. These companies focus on offering the fresh and high quality of food at lower price at low price and many fast services. Which resulted that McDonalds has to close its 719 poor performing restaurants around the world? And all these result were proving that McDonalds may not be longer in competition of fast food market. If McDonalds does not adapt the external environment change, they can be lessen gradually and even it can be replaced by the other competitors. To keep their market share increasing sales and profit McDonalds has to answer the threat of the competitors. In 2003 McDonalds introduce its new product McGriddles sandwiches as a feature of breakfast in US and Canada, and in UK they introduce premier and zesty McChicken and in other countries McDonalds was trying to provide satisfaction to customer by offering premium products at affordable price. Even more McDonalds is providing good choice with respond to talented Meal for the children. For example Happy Meal is includes chicken selects, do added sugar fruit drink and also to produce coffee to appeal the adults. And those products have been produced to run existing customer and also to develop new customer. Moreover the McDonalds has innovated its menu and also McDonalds is rebuilding and relocating its restauran ts to make environment comfortable to the customer. McDonalds is differentiating itself by creating more pertinent experience to attract customers, like they are allowe customers to access internet with the wireless technology.Social problem - salutary issue As the economy is growing, living standard of people is also increasing. People are now more concerned about their health issues. There is no doubt that McDonalds has made itself more convenient for the customer. Most of the people think that such kind of fast food restaurants are not good for health. WHO report showed that such food not only can cause obesity of children but also the cause of cancer. Issues regarding the health biggest hurdle for the development of McDonalds customer were switching to the healthier competitor like Subway and KFC products. McDonalds has answered to this healthy trend. In order of competition McDonalds has added the salads and other healthier products in their menu. If the any mother comes to th e restaurants she will not only find happy meal for her children but also she will find a meal for her also. The lighter and healthier option encourages the existing customer to come back often because there is great variety of choices.Focus on Children Different taste and local necessarily doesnt matters McDonalds has paid its all considerable attention towards children in every country. McDonalds has made happy land for the children offering fantastic happy meal with superb toys to them.And even more McDonalds have just launched the computers with games that are designed for the childrens imagination at the same time they shape their personal features. There are 3 main reasons for McDonalds to focus on the children i.e.McDonalds biggest consumers group are children and McDonalds has been regarded as their favourite place to go. The brand culture happiness is known by the children.The belief of McDonalds on focusing on children is that it can build the stable business and will al so provide the best booster to encourage the whole family to come to McDonalds for example McDonalds can offer other products with childrens happy meal to the whole family.By building brand consignment with children McDonalds is more likely to successful today and in future also.PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENTEmployees are the important resources of the company. They insures the collaboration of financial, industrial resources so that organisation able to function. Today some of the experienced managers think that the financial reward cannot stay the only type of an employee encouragement or inspiration. There is need of viewing the needs of employees as entity that leads to the search of the non-financial incentives. There are many non-financial incentives connected to employees satisfaction of need for example employees participation in decision making, self-fulfilment, personal harvest-tide and others.Full use of human resource by the organisation is the most important advantage which allows the organisation to capture the position in the global market.The McDonalds flourishes owing to the logical combination of the staff into the problem solving. The company follows the principle i.e. the result is done by a man, McDonalds observes its employees as the primary means of achievement in the field of quality and productivity. McDonalds has built its success on the demand theories having changed only some aspects of them. McDonalds follows four simple principles, which provides the possibility of growth in the performances of its employeesThe organisation must(prenominal)iness innovate the different system of motivation for every department.There must clear and attainable aim for the personnel, its better to have one aim for each personThere must be change in aim. Manager must have two aims for the year. For example the first manager inspects the number of employee and clients then(prenominal) the manager inspects the number of returning clients and then the man ager should analyse the increase in the sales. This process gives the possibility to find out the qualities and abilities of employees and also to check the new method of work.The rise in salary must be workable for the employee.McDonalds implements three components of the motivation theories i.e. financial incentives, non-financial incentives and social policy. All these three components are mentioned in the Maslows motivation theory. Though Maslow describes that all needs must be one by one. The research of McDonalds and its strategy structure shows that only immediate fulfilments of the employee needs and that will increase the performance of the employees. Its not important to fulfil all the needs of every level. In reality every man has a numbers of needs in every existing moment.McDonalds has an effective motivation system that makes it possible to growth in the performance of the employees and also increases in the companys productivity. McDonalds administration staffs have use the situational approach which has turned out to be the most relevant to the current condition. The administration department have used the particular techniques on the origin of motivation theories. After applying the assembly line procedure in food preparation McDonalds has ensured the standard quality of production and the high performance. In addition McDonalds has applied real motivation strategy that is grounded on motivation theories.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONIn the above discussion we just come to know about the HR Strategies of the McDonalds the appellative discussed four HR strategies of the McDonalds Recruitment selection, training, business strategies and management performance system. McDonalds believes that the growth and success of restaurants and company is gained and achieved with the help of their employees. The aim and objective of the McDonalds is to recruit the best people, to maintain them by offering ongoing training appropriate to their position and to promote them when they are ready. The recruitment policies, procedures and practices show the purpose to achieve its aim. It is analyzed there must be some achievement and promotion activities for the crew member as McDonalds has provided to its Business management trainee. If the McDonalds fails to identify the new competitors, interest of consumer shifts, and innovative technologies and social trends then there is a strong possibility of loosing there market share. In 2003 McDonalds has decided to divert its focus to increase the sales in existing restaurants. To achieve the main objective, McDonalds strategy must attract more new customers and also encourage the present customer to visit restaurants more often, build brand loyalty and eventually create long-term profitable growth for the company.

Donnes Convincing Techniques In His Argumentative Poems English Language Essay

Donnes Convincing Techniques In His Argumentative Poems English Language EssayAfter John Donnes poesy became prominent again in the 20th century, umpteen an(prenominal) critics have tried to identify the source of Donnes glibness d 1out his meters. around related this to his masculine expression. Some others related it to the manly culture of the loud verbaliser units. Others still believed in the idea that Donne has reached to this level of ingratiatoryness through and through manipulation of language. But it seems that Donnes convincing power lot non be attri only ifed to these techniques al unrivalled. This writing will briefly introduce three major techniques which croupe be considered as the source of his persuasiveness.If we want to categorize Donnes poetry into some groups, ii groups certainly will constitute his disputatious and seductive poems. In the premier(prenominal) one, the speaker tries to persuade someone to take a specific action or to use up a cert ain point of view or at least has an appreciation for the speakers melodic phraseative skill. The speakers in the lineageative poems have different aims one tries to duty tour people from criticizing his love, while a nonher tries to get the sun to stop shining into his room. The convincing power of an argumentative poem is determined by whether or not the directer side with the speaker at the end of the poem rather than the speakers opponent. The listeners can be referred to as witnesses than a participant in this debate and in this position they can evaluate the persuasiveness of the poem by determining the effect of the poem on them. In the other group which is seductive poems, the speaker shares a common purpose in making his arguments to get a muliebrity to sleep with him. The access code that Donne is using here to persuade his loves is to construct synthetical arguments. So the seductive poems can alike be considered as pieces of persuasion be induct the speakers succ ess is based on the strength of the argument.Analyzing Donnes argumentative and seductive poems shits it clear that on that point are some repeated techniques at blend in in these poems. These techniques help the speakers create powerful arguments that persuade the readers.One technique that is erect in roughly totally of Donnes persuasive poems is that his speakers systematically prove each claim. This is clearly achieved by his great ability in using wit and reason even in his around sensuous poems that is called the association sensibility. Even his most passionate poems work by reason and logic. This logic can be seen when Donnes speakers give examples and evidence to swan their claims.The other persuasive technique found in many of Donnes poems is using vivid fables and similes to ground the arguments in a pleasing and convincing way. Donnes speakers use these poetic devices not for decoration but to help explain abstract concepts of love. This practical use of literar y devices can be seen clearly in the fact that many of Donnes metaphors come from ordinary objects that are familiar. Many of Donnes images come from business or are objects that can be found in urban settings. This familiarity makes the metaphors easy to understand, which is useable in persuading a reader.And the last repeated technique use in most of Donnes argumentative and seductive poems is that his speakers use a bold and direct appearance of expression. In this livery technique, Donne includes lines that contain especially loaded words delivered in a straightforward manner which in turn gives it a tremendous lodge. This force helps persuade the readers by adding emotional power to the logic of the argument.This paper endeavors to show the application of aforementioned techniques, through a detailed analysis, in three of Donnes most famous persuasive poems The Apparition, insolate Rising, and The Flea.The ApparitionIn The Apparition, Donnes speaker employs very unconvent ional methods to seduce a charr. Instead of using flattery or amorous lines, the speaker uses frightening words in order to get the fair sex to be with him. This method is so unconventional that many readers do not read The Apparition as a seductive poem.While the majority of readers do not consider The Apparition to be a seductive poem, there is textual evidence to the contrary. Early in the poem, the speaker alludes to past attempts to seduce the woman when he says, And that grounds thinkst thee rationalize/From all solicitation from mee (1-2). The word solicitation indicates that the speaker has been romantically interested in the woman. This interest introduces the idea that the speakers ultimate goal may be to seduce the woman.The idea that the speakers aim is seduction is confirmed at the poems conclusion when the speaker says, I had rather guanine shouldst painfully repent,/Than by my threatnings rest still innocent (16-17). The crime the woman needs to repent for is re vealed in the first place in the poem when the speaker says the woman is killing him by refusing his advances. The woman can be innocent if she accepts the speakers solicitations and thus ceases to kill him. This conclusion shows that the speakers aim all along has been for the woman to sleep with him. This intent characterizes The Apparition as a seductive poem. The technique the speaker uses to seduce the woman is to frighten her into being with him. The speaker hopes that if he scares the woman enough, she will choose to be with him to avoid facing the grim future that awaits her if she rejects him.While this memory access is unconventional, the speaker has tried seducing the woman through conventional approaches that have failed. Frightening the woman is a way for the speaker to try a new technique since his old techniques are not working. The first fear technique employed by the speaker is a strong line at the beginning of the poem. The speaker opens by saying, When by thy sc orne, O murdresse, I am dead (1). This line is strongly worded in that it uses words loaded with cast out connotations like murdresse and dead. By accusing the woman of murder at the beginning, the speaker is establishing an aggressive tone that carries an emotional force throughout the rest of the poem. This emotional force puts the woman in a vulnerable position, and sets her up to be persuaded.The predominant fear strategy employed by the speaker is to threaten the woman. The threat takes the form of a ghost that will haunt her as the speaker reveals when saying, indeed shall my ghost come to thy contend (4). This threat is consistent with the claim that the woman is killing the speaker since ghosts are thought to avenge undeserved deaths. Being stalk by a ghost is a frightening prospect that the woman would want to avoid. If the ghosts presence is not intimidating enough, the speaker claims that the ghost will leave a frightening proclamation. The speaker says, What I will say, I will not tell thee now,/Lest that preserve thee (14-15). The I the speaker refers to is his ghost. thither are many painful utterances the ghost can make, such as cursing the woman or damning her, but the speaker does not reveal what will be said.Not revealing what the ghost will say is another way in which the speaker further frightens the woman. The final way in which the speaker frightens the woman into being with him is by negatively depicting the alternative. The speaker gives a grim portrait of the man she will be with if she does not accept him when he says And he, whose thou art then, being tyrd before, Will, if you stirre, or pinch to wake him, thinke Thou callst for more, And in false sleepe will from thee shrinke, And then poore Aspen wretch, neglected thou Bathd in a dust-covered quicksilver sweat wilt lye (7-12). The womans future lover is presented as pathetic. He does not have frequently ability in write out since he pretends to be sleeping to avoid having sex. He also is not protective since he does not come to the womans aid when she is confronted by the ghost. With this description, the speaker tries to convince the woman into persuasion that she would be better off had she accepted him. This is a type of threat since the speaker presents a scene of future misery if she does not accept him. By threatening, the speaker tries to get the woman to be with him out of fear of the alternatives.Through using strongly worded lines, threatening the woman, and negatively depicting the competition, Donnes speaker makes the unusual attempt at seducing the woman through fear. It is safe to say that the speaker is very effective in frightening the woman, but it is unknown whether this approach will cause the lady to accept him. This approach certainly has the advantage of novelty, and since standard seduction techniques were not working on the woman, maybe a novel approach will.The Sun RisingThe Sunne Rising is one of Donnes most popular poems. I t is unique among Donnes argumentative poems in that the speaker addresses an inanimate object, the Sun. In the poem, the speaker is lying in bed with his lover and is upset that sunlight is shining through the window. The speaker makes an argument to try to get the Sun to leave so he and his lover can enlistment in bed.The poem is not truly argumentative, however, because in the middle of the poem the speaker turns from arguing with the Sun to praising the woman he is with. Until the concentrate shifts, the persuasive technique found in the poem is a personal attack through imperious the Sun, challenging its power, and giving it commands. These techniques give force to the speakers delivery and lower the audiences impression of the Sun. The persuasive force of the poem comes from the angry tone the speaker uses when talking to the Sun. From the start of the poem, the speaker establishes his angry tone by insulting the Sun. Busie old foole, unruly Sunne, Why dost thou thus, Throu gh windowes, and through curtaines call on us? Must to thy motions lovers seasons run (1-4). In a formal argument, it would be unmannerly to insult an opponent. By insulting the Sun, the speaker shows that he is so overcome with anger that he is unable to restrain himself. This emotion carries over through the rest of the poem and gives the speakers words additional force.Additionally, insults diminish the power and the importance of the Sun by generating the idea that the Sunne does not need to be respected. In arguments, if one person, or the Sun, is well respected, they have credibility with the audience. By insulting the Sun, the speaker eliminates this advantage. The speaker further diminishes the importance of the Sun by questioning the power it possesses. At one point, the speaker challenges the Suns brightness by saying Thy beames, so reverend, and strong Why shouldst thou thinke? I could eclipse and cloud them with a winke, But that I would not lose her sight so long (11-14 ). The speaker is not impressed by the Suns brightness since he can close his eyes if he chooses. This attack severely challenges the Suns power since brightness is the most important attribute of the Sun. If the Suns brightness is not respected, then there is no reason to respect the Sun. some other way the speaker diminishes the importance of the Sunne is by giving it orders. The speaker suggests that the Sun take alternative actions Sawcy pedantique wretch, goe chide Late schoole boyes and sowre prentices, Goe tell Court-huntsmen, that the King will ride, bellow countrey ants to harvest offices (5-8). These suggestions take the form of direct commands. By giving orders to the Sun, the speaker asserts that he has the power. The unconcerned content of the orders reinforces the speakers power by portraying the Sun as merely a nuisance the speaker wants to be rid of. By diminishing the Sun and establishing that he is the one with power, the speaker gains credibility with the audienc e.While argumentative elements and persuasive techniques are present in the first part of the poem, they are absent later on. Instead of arguing with the Sun, the speaker turns his attention to praising the woman that he is with. Romantic lines abound as when the speaker says Sheis all States, and all Princes, I,/Nothing else is (21-22). The speaker is consumed by the woman. This change of purpose is characterized when the speaker tells the Sun to stay in the room and just to shine on them Thine age askes ease, and since thy duties bee To warme the world, thats done in warming us. Shine here to us, and thou art every where this bed thy center is, these walls, thy spheare (27-30). Telling the Sun to stay in the room is the get along opposite of what the speaker wanted in the first half of the poem. The speaker becomes so focused on his love that he forgets his initial argument.While parts of the poem are extremely argumentative, The Sun Rising is not a complete argumentative poem si nce the argument does not carry through till the end. While the poem may not truly be argumentative, it certainly is persuasive. By personally attacking the Sun through insults, challenging its power, and giving orders, the speaker crafts a forceful delivery and causes the audience to transfer any importance and awe for the Sun to himself. The speaker possesses influence with readers, which causes them to side with him. Noticeably, the speaker does not rely on logic to make his argument. The Sun Rising shows how a speaker can craft a persuasive argument solely with a forceful delivery and personal attacks.The FleaThe persuasive techniques Donne includes in his persuasion poems culminate in The Flea. In addition to being Donnes most popular poem, The Flea is the ultimate seductive poem. No matter how little success he has, Donnes speaker refuses to give up and keeps hard to win over the woman.Many persuasive techniques are found in The Flea, including the use of a common metaphor, vigorously presenting the argument of the speaker, and adapting the arguments logic to fit the situation. By basing the argument on a flea, Donnes speaker uses the persuasive technique of employing a common metaphor.The speaker establishes the metaphor at the beginning of the poem by saying, Marke but this flea, and marke in this,/How little that which thou denyst me is (1-2). By examining the flea, the speaker intends to show the woman that having sex is not a big deal. The flea is significant because it sucks blood. The speaker says, It suckd me first, and now sucks thee,/And in this flea, our two bloods mingled bee (3-4). In Donnes time, sex was thought to involve the mixing of blood, so the flea biting the man and woman is a metaphor for sex. Although this is the reason the flea was chosen as a metaphor, it has other persuasive benefits.A flea is an ordinary object that is familiar. This familiarity makes it a great choice as a metaphor, since it is able to be understood to the connections that Donne draws. The metaphor is also a good choice because the flea is a inborn object. Metaphors drawn from natural occurrences are the most credible. They represent an ideal state because they are free from human intervention. People are more willing to apply the lessons of such metaphors to their own lives. For these reasons, using the flea as a metaphor is a good persuasive strategy.A second persuasive technique employed by the speaker is to vigorously present the speakers argument at the expense of the womans. The Flea is a dramatic argument in that both sides argue their point of view. The womans reactions, however, are not revealed in the lines, but rather take place in the stanza breaks. The reader learns about the womans repartee in the opening lines of the second and third stanzas. In the second stanza, the reader learns that the woman is getting ready to smash the flea when the speaker says, Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare ( 10). In the third stanz a, the reader learns that the woman has killed the flea when the speaker says, Cruell and sodaine, hast thou since/Purpled thy naile, in blood of innocence (19- 20). With these lines, the speaker makes the woman seem cruel for victorious such harsh actions against the flea. Since these actions represent the womans response, this characterization articulates the womans argument.The only reference to the womans argument comes near the end of the poem when the speaker says, Yet thou triumphst, and saist that thou/Findst not thy selfe, nor mee the weaker now (23-24). The speakers prior coloring makes the act seem like needless aggression rather than a triumph. Her claim similarly lacks the argument. The disparity in presenting the two arguments causes the speaker to have the persuasive advantage over the woman.In The Flea, the speakers most noteworthy technique is adjusting his arguments in response to the situation. The speaker goes through a concoction of logical approaches in attem pting to win over the woman. Initially, the speaker tries to argue that having sex is not a big deal. He uses a proof by commentary to show that the flea sucking blood from the two of them is the equivalent of sex. If sex consists of the mixing of blood, then the flea biting both of them can be thought of as sex. This approach is persuasive since proofs by definitions are logically sound. Once the speaker establishes that the flea bite resembles sex, the speaker minimizes the scale of the act by saying, Thou knowst that this cannot be said/A sinne, nor shame, nor losse of maidenhead (5-6). The flea bite does not carry all of the negative ramifications associated with sex. The speaker implies that since the acts are equal, then sex similarly should not carry with it all of the negative connotations. Those ramifications are presumably why the woman does not want to have sex with the speaker. The speaker uses the metaphor of a flea to alleviate the womans fears.Ultimately, this approa ch does not work the woman not only denies sex with the speaker, but she also makes a move to smash the flea. When the speakers initial approach fails, he adjusts his argument. The second stanza is not as much about getting the woman to have sex as it is stopping her from killing the flea. The speaker attempts to prevent her from killing the flea by giving much greater importance to the flea bite, such as when he says, where we almost, yea more than married are./This flea is you and I, and this/Our mariage bed, and mariage temple is (11-13). Since parts of themselves share such close quarters in the flea, the speaker equates that to marriage. While in the first stanza downplays the deduction of the flea bite, the second stanza builds up the importance of the act.Since the first approach failed, the speaker attempts a different strategy. This argument is not as strong as the first. Comparing the meaning of their blood in the flea to marriage is a stretch, but the situation meets som e of the requirements that define marriage. The speaker to boot tries to convince the woman not to kill the flea by raising moral issues. The speaker says, Though use make you apt to kill mee,/Let not to that, selfe murder added bee,/And sacrilege, three sins in killing three (16-18). The three sins the woman would commit if she killed the flea would be murdering the speaker, suicide, and committing disrespect against their marriage temple. Appealing to the womans morality is a good tactic because she is concerned with sin, since that is one of her fears regarding sex. This line of reasoning is another example of the speaker fitting his argument to the situation.The speakers persuasive techniques once again fail as, notwithstanding his efforts, the woman kills the flea. This occurs in the break between stanzas two and three. Killing the flea is the womans way of refuting the notion that the flea has the importance that the speaker gives it in stanza two. By killing the flea, the wo man also communicates that the speakers plan to use the metaphor of the flea to persuade her into having sex will not work. The speaker responds to the woman by once again changing his argument. First, he calls the woman cruel for killing the flea. Claiming that the violence is unnecessary, he says, Wherein could this flea guilty bee,/Except in that drop which it suckt from thee?. (21-22). The speaker tries to get the woman to recognize that she was wrong in her actions and, by extension, in her argument. The speaker then tries to minimize the significance of her killing the flea and uses it to convince her to have sex with him. The speaker says, Tis true, then learne how false, feares bee/Just so much honor, when thou yeeldst to mee,/Will wast, as this fleas death tooke life from thee (25-27). The speaker reverses the argument he made in stanza two to once again show the importance of the flea. He argues that as much honor will be lost in having sex as life was lost by being bitten by the flea. This is the weakest argument in the poem, since the connection between blood loss and honor does not make much sense.With this argument, the speaker is making one last attempt at seducing the woman. The speaker adapts his argument a great deal in The Flea. When his initial plan of minimizing the flea to subsequently showing the magnitude of sex fails, he completely reverses his approach to elevating the importance of the flea. His attention also shifts from trying to get the woman to sleep with him to trying to stop her from killing the flea. When the woman kills the flea, the speaker shifts his argument again. He shows the significance of the flea to minimize the womans response. He also returns his focus to trying to get the woman to sleep with him. Ultimately the speakers seduction efforts probably fail. His logic gets progressively weaker as the poem progresses. Since the woman rejects his initial arguments, it is unlikely that she will be swayed by the inferior ar guments he makes later. Although the speaker fails to seduce the woman, his effort is admirable. His techniques of basing his argument on a common, natural object and vigorously presenting his own arguments give him a persuasive advantage. He then shows great skill and persistence in molding his arguments throughout the poem. The speakers hardship cannot be blamed on his approach or his amount of effort.ConclusionIn examining these poems, it is clear that more than any other factor, the persuasive techniques that Donnes speakers employ make the arguments in his poems convincing. Donne uses a variety of techniques to help his speakers either win an argument or seduce a woman. The techniques found most often in Donnes persuasive poems are 1) systematically proving each claim, 2) employing vivid metaphors and similes to ground the arguments in a pleasing and convincing fashion, and 3) using a bold and direct manner of expression. There are also numerous techniques specific to individu al poems that aid in convincing an audience. These persuasive techniques are not exclusive to Donnes poems, and can be found in many pieces of writing in which the speaker attempts to persuade his audience. Studying a master of rhetoric like Donne provides persuasive skills that can be used in everyday life.

Biography Of Nataniel Hawthorne :: essays research papers fc

Born in Salem, Mass, Nathaniel Hawthorne was a desc blockant of a judge in the Salem capture trials. He spent a solitary, bookish childhood with his widowed and antisocial mother. After graduating from Bowdoin College, he returned to Salem and prepared for a writing career with 12 years of solitary study and writing interrupted by summer tours through the Northeast. After privately publish a novel, Fanshawe in 1828, he began publishing stories in the Token and New England Magazine. These original allegories of New England Puritanism, including such classic stories as "The Ministers Black Veil," were collected in, Twice-Told Tales, published in 1837. A brief flow rate of paid employment, including the compilation of popular childrens works and a stint at the Boston Custom phratry from 1839-to 1841, was followed by a half-years residence at the transcendentalist community, have a bun in the oven Farm. In 1842 he married Sophia Amelia Peabody, also a transcendentalist, and they moved to Concord, Mass., where he began a friendship with Henry David Thoreau. Financial problems forced his return to Salem from 1845 to 1849, where he secured another political appointment, this time as surveyor of the port of Salem. During these years he continued to publish Puritan tales such as, "Young Goodman Brown" and "The Birthmark" collections of his stories include Mosses from an Old Manse published in 1846 and The Snow Image published in1851. His dismissal from the surveyorship initiated the brief period of his greatest novels The Scarlet Letter in 1850, The House of the Seven G opens in 1851, and The Blithdale Romance in 1852. He also wrote two childrens classics A Wonder-Book in 1852 and Tanglewood Tales in 1853. His campaign biography of Franklin Pierce in 1852 was rewarded with the U.S. counsulship at Liverpool 1853 to 1858. He then went to live in Italy in 1858 to 1859, where he began The Marble Faun, which he published after returning to the U nited States in 1860. Back in Concord, he published his last major work, Our Old Home in 1863, which drew on his experiences in England, but by then he was change state ill and disillusioned.      Nathaniel Hawthorne was an average man who saw things, not necessarily in a different way, but in a different light. He was able to use this ability and transform it onto paper. He would begin to write and slowly but almost definitely become emotionally involved by the end of the novel or short story.

Populist Party :: American History Politics Essays

Populist PartyThe Populist Party, a third governmental party that originated in America in the latter part of the nineteenth century, derived as a result of farmer discontent and economic distress. This was caused by the countrys shift from an agricultural American life to one in which industrialists dominated the nations development. The public entangle as if they were being cheated by these robber barons, a term given to those who took advantage of the middle and lower classes by boldly stealing the fruits of their toils (Morgan, 30). These corporate tycoons call for was legal, however ethically dubious it was. Cornelius Vanderbilt, a well-know railroad baron, reportedly once said, Law What do I care about the law? Haint I got the power? (Morgan, 30) The change from agrarian to industrial had a profound effect on everyones life. Ignatius Donnelly, a leader in the Populist Party wrote, We meet in the midst of a nation brought to the verge of moral, political, and material ruin. C orruption dominates the ballot-box, the Legislatures, the Congress, and touches even the ermine of the bench . . . A vast conspiracy against mankind has been organized (Tindall, 957). As a result of this significant transformation, along with several variant perspectives of peoples mores, several reform movements were commenced, such as prohibition, socialism, and the Greenback Labor Party. Each of these movements was launched by different coalitions in hopes of making a difference either for themselves or for the good of the country. The farmers, specifically, were unhappy for four particular reasons physical problems, social and intellectual concerns, economic difficulties, and political frustrations. The physical concerns the climate of the time period. Following 1885, there was a large drought on the American prairie, thus causing this land to become known as the Dust Bowl. Furthermore, there were extreme blizzards resulting in innumerable deaths of cattle and livestock. Also, farms were very isolated causing the women and children to lead a life of solitude and boredom. They demanded change. In fact, the women were the ones to start libraries and other meeting places for themselves and their children. This isolation made schooling for children quite difficult. Most kids who lived on the farm did not receive a proper education, or one of any kind for that matter. Farmers economic problems are more intricate. Events baffled the farmer. They believed that deflation was the cause of their problem.