Reviewing Criticisms Feminist Writers Made Of Criminology Criminology Essay

Reviewing Criticisms Feminist Writers Made Of Criminology Criminology EssayFeminism, according to Mitchell and Oakley (19863) suggest that it is easier to define womens liberation movement in its absence rather than its presence. Delmar (1986) defines it that, a libber holds that women suffer discrimination because of their sex, that they have needs which ar neglected and unsatisfied, and that the comfort of these needs requires a radical change. However, he clearly states that in order distinguish feminists or feminism from the multiplicity of those concerned with women issues, feminism should be defined as a field, even though diverse, simply women can make no claim to an exclusive interest in or copyright everyplace problems affecting women. Feminist criminology therefore proceeds from the assertion that women have been highly marginalised and are all withal often invisible and when they have been the centre of attention this has non been observed and treated with sympathy . At the softheartedness of feminist criminology, a critique of extant criminology lurks for the reasons below, the failure to theorise or engage in the data-based study of fe potent offending, the neglect of female victimisation and, particularly, male violence against women and the over concentration on the impact of the reprehensible justice system on male offenders.Carol Smart (1976) raised twain crucial areas of concern. These were that there was a particular danger of studying women separately from men would cause more marginalisation and this would also lead to the perpetuation of a male dominated criminology and the second one was that, change magnitude academic attention on female crime could have the unintended and undesirable consequence of increase public and criminal justice attention on these activities. Smart also argued that, women offenders were not only organism treated as criminals but also as having transgressed their gender roles. Edwards (1984213) verbal ize, Female defendants are performanceed within the criminal justice system in accordance with the crimes which they putted and the extent to which the commission of the act and its nature deviate from appropriate female behaviour.Smart questioned the criminology enterprise and led to a considerable debate on feminism. (Edwards, 1981 Heindensohn, 1985 Rafter and Stanko, 1980 Young, 1996) Pat Carlene (1992) described the idea of feminist criminology as neither desirable nor possible. However, Gelsthorpe and Morris (1990) have said that criminology has been a major constraining rather than creative influence for feminist writers and attempters. Another critique, Cain (1989) argued that courts, victims, lawyers, social workers could be objects of investigation however our explanations must reach beyond and encompass all of them, this in a sniff out argued that feminist criminology is not possible and it disrupts the other categories of criminology itself. Cains argument was that work in theoretical criminology should question the assumptions of traditional criminology and also examine how gender is constructed by the official bodies, however she was not purely dismissive of feminist criminology. Carlen (1992) was similar sceptically however she was arguing for the potential within feminist scholarships which would help in transcending the limitations of criminology as a discipline.On the other hand, the left realist were critical and said critique is not consistent, that is to say, criticising criminology for its real essentialism in treating crime like a meaningful category yet on the other hand apply terms like rape and child sexual abuse yet they may also not be subject to the same criticism. (Mathew and Young, 1992) Feminist criminology criticises theoretical criminology because it was constructed by men and for men. It is argued by Valier (2002) that it does not analytically explain the different patterns in crimes carried out by females. He further points out that most of the theories do not analytically explain patterns of crime by females these theories will only show what the social scientists are finding out presently which is that they do not seek to explain human behaviour as they claim but only explain understandings of male behaviour. This is not good practice because it has instead created a single theoretical canopy for both women and men even when it is clearly evident that their social pragmatic are very different. (Valier, 2002)Frances Heidensohn (1987) looked at four different characteristics of many of the female offenders which had been the subject of recent research in the past decades. These characteristics would then be used to carry out analytical research on female criminology and also help understand female offending better. The four characteristics that she looked at included scotch rationality, women were predominantly involved in property crimes which were motivated by the economic concerns. This was different from what the earlier portrayals of Lombroso and Pollak which soundless female criminality to be illustrative of irrationality and the influence of biology. Second characteristic was that of heterogeneity of their offences whereby women commit less crimes as compared to men and are less likely to be recidivists or professional criminals which implies that they bestow less to the crime tariffs and also clarifies that crimes committed by males and females derive from different conditions like social circumstances, differences in opportunities for both men and women and the socialisation process. The third characteristic is fear and impact of deviant stigma. This is whereby the criminalisation process has a differential impact on men and women. This is because female offending is less extensive than male offending, produces a greater sense of stigmatisation. The last characteristic was that of experience of double deviance and double jeopardy. trope deviance like being du bbed as unlike woman together with the being called a criminal produces double jeopardy. The criminal justice system will punish the crime but also seek to impose controls over women behaviour. (Heidensohn, 2006)